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Information Asymmetry and Voluntary SFAS 157 Fair Value Disclosures by Bank Holding Companies During the 2007 Financial Crisis

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  • Renee Weiss
  • John Shon

Abstract

We hand‐collect SFAS 157 voluntary fair value disclosures of 18 bank holding companies. The SEC's Division of Corporate Finance likely targeted these entities in 2008 through their “Dear CFO” letters in which they requested specific, additional disclosure items. We collect disclosures that match the SEC recommendations and create eight common factor disclosure variables to examine the effect of such disclosures on information asymmetry. We find that disclosure variables about the use of broker quotes or prices from pricing services and the use of market indices and illiquidity adjustments are related to lower information asymmetry. However, disclosure variables about valuation techniques and asset‐backed securities are related to greater information asymmetry. We also document that disclosure complexity, and disclosure tone (uncertainty and litigious) is related to greater information asymmetry. These findings are consistent with criticism that corporate disclosures are voluminous; management may obfuscate unfavorable information which in turn increases market participants’ assessment of uncertainty associated with the fair value measures. We caveat that the setting of the financial crisis and a small sample size may limit the ability to generalize these inferences to other time periods or other financial firms. Asymétrie de l'information et communication facultative d'information à la juste valeur selon la SFAS 157 par les sociétés de portefeuille bancaires durant la crise financière de 2007 Résumé Les auteurs colligent manuellement les données de 18 sociétés de portefeuille bancaires relatives à la présentation facultative d'information à la juste valeur conformément à la SFAS 157. La Division of Corporate Finance de la SEC est susceptible d'avoir ciblé ces entités en 2008 dans les missives qu'elle adressait aux chefs des services financiers et dans lesquelles elle précisait ses exigences en matière d’éléments d'information supplémentaires à fournir. Les auteurs recueillent les informations communiquées correspondant aux recommandations de la SEC et créent huit variables regroupant des facteurs communs afin d’étudier l'incidence de la communication de ces renseignements sur l'asymétrie de l'information. Ils constatent que les variables d'information à fournir se rapportant à l'utilisation des cours des courtiers ou des prix établis par les services d’évaluation et à l'utilisation des indices boursiers et des ajustements pour illiquidité sont associées à une moins importante asymétrie de l'information. En revanche, les variables d'information à fournir se rapportant aux techniques d’évaluation et aux titres adossés à des actifs sont associées à une plus importante asymétrie de l'information. Les auteurs documentent également l'observation selon laquelle la complexité des informations à fournir et l'angle sous lequel elles sont présentées (données incertaines et litigieuses) sont associés à une plus importante asymétrie de l'information. Ces constatations rejoignent la critique selon laquelle le volume des informations fournies par les sociétés est élevé; la direction peut brouiller l'information défavorable, ce qui aura pour conséquence d'accroître le degré d'incertitude associé aux mesures à la juste valeur par les participants au marché. Les auteurs conseillent toutefois la prudence : le contexte de la crise financière et la modeste taille de l’échantillon pourraient limiter la possibilité de transposer ces inférences à d'autres périodes ou à d'autres institutions financières.

Suggested Citation

  • Renee Weiss & John Shon, 2017. "Information Asymmetry and Voluntary SFAS 157 Fair Value Disclosures by Bank Holding Companies During the 2007 Financial Crisis," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(3), pages 169-203, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:16:y:2017:i:3:p:169-203
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12144
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