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Der EU-Emissionshandel – Allokationsmuster und Handelsflüsse

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  • Claudia Kettner-Marx

Abstract

Seit 2005 ist das EU-Emissionshandelssystem das zentrale Instrument der Klimapolitik der EU. Es umfasst Anlagen aus der Industrie und dem Energiesektor, auf die rund 40% der gesamten Treibhausgasemissionen der EU-Länder entfallen, und ist derzeit das weltweit größte Cap-and-Trade-System für Treibhausgase. Die umfassende Analyse des EU-Emissionshandels im Zeitraum 2005/2011 basiert auf einer Datenbank mit mehr als 10.000 Anlagen in 25 EU-Ländern. Mit dem Emissionshandelssystem wurde demnach bislang nur im Jahr 2008 eine verbindliche Emissionsobergrenze errichtet. In den anderen Handelsjahren bestanden zum Teil beträchtliche Zertifikatsüberschüsse, die in der Pilotphase (2005/2007) auf ein wenig ambitioniertes Emissionscap und in der Kyoto-Phase (2008/2012) auf den Emissionsrückgang im Zuge der Wirtschaftskrise und der darauf folgenden schwachen Wirtschaftsentwicklung zurückzuführen waren. Nur ein kleiner Teil der EU-weit abgegebenen Zertifikate wurde in der ersten Handelsperiode grenzüberschreitend gehandelt. Die Bedeutung der Zertifikate aus den flexiblen Mechanismen des Kyoto-Protokolls (Certified Emission Reductions, Emission Reduction Units) ist ebenfalls noch immer sehr gering.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Kettner-Marx, 2012. "Der EU-Emissionshandel – Allokationsmuster und Handelsflüsse," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 85(9), pages 737-750, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wfo:monber:y:2012:i:9:p:737-750
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    References listed on IDEAS

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