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Socio-Environmental Vulnerability of Water in the Estuary of the Metropolitan Region of Santos (Brazil)

Author

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  • Martins Fernando L.C.

    (Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo – SABESP, Santos, Brazil)

  • Giordano Fabio

    (Department of Biology, Santa Cecilia University – UNISANTA, Santos, Brazil)

  • Barrella Walter

    (Department of Biology, Santa Cecilia University – UNISANTA, Santos, Brazil)

Abstract

Santos and São Vicente Estuarine Complex (SSEC) is a densely populated coastal area that houses the main port in Latin America and the most prominent Brazilian industrial complex. Irregular occupations in preservation areas result in a disorderly increase in population, with negative social and environmental impacts. We evaluated the average annual growth of 74 slums occurring in this area and variations in water quality from 2005 to 2018. We monitor the growth of the occupied areas and estimate their respective populations. The average annual population growth was over 6% per year (p.a.). Invasions of new areas and verticalisation of already occupied areas represent 85% of the growth seen. The monthly polluting loads exceeded 450 tonnes or 2,086,000 m3, compromising the waters and local and regional public health. We strongly recommend re-urbanising the area using the resource savings caused by water loss to reduce the risks of ecosystem degradation, damage to health and disease spread.

Suggested Citation

  • Martins Fernando L.C. & Giordano Fabio & Barrella Walter, 2021. "Socio-Environmental Vulnerability of Water in the Estuary of the Metropolitan Region of Santos (Brazil)," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 40(4), pages 113-125, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:quageo:v:40:y:2021:i:4:p:113-125:n:7
    DOI: 10.2478/quageo-2021-0040
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Barbara Neumann & Athanasios T Vafeidis & Juliane Zimmermann & Robert J Nicholls, 2015. "Future Coastal Population Growth and Exposure to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Flooding - A Global Assessment," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-34, March.
    2. Gillam, Cintia & Charles, Anthony, 2019. "Community wellbeing: The impacts of inequality, racism and environment on a Brazilian coastal slum," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 13(C), pages 18-24.
    3. Susan L. Cutter & Bryan J. Boruff & W. Lynn Shirley, 2003. "Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 84(2), pages 242-261, June.
    4. Wolfgang Kron, 2013. "Coasts: the high-risk areas of the world," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 66(3), pages 1363-1382, April.
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