IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/jecman/v46y2024i1p189-212n1008.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The relationship between Foreign Direct Investment, trade openness, exchange rate, and Gross Domestic Product per capita in Vietnam

Author

Listed:
  • Nguyen Anh Tru

    (Faculty of Accounting and Business Management, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi, Vietnam)

  • Poczta-Wajda Agnieszka

    (Department of Macroeconomics and Agricultural Economics, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

Aim/purpose This study explores the nexus between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), trade openness, exchange rate, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Vietnam between 1986 and 2020. Design/methodology/approach The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to evaluate the nexus between FDI, trade openness, exchange rate, and GDP per capita in Vietnam between 1986 and 2020. Moreover, the Johansen co-integration test examined the long-run relationship among these variables. Findings Results address that GDP per capita, FDI, and trade openness may generate an appreciation of the Vietnamese currency in the short run. In the long run, we found that FDI inflows and trade openness support GDP per capita, but the depreciation of Vietnam Dong harms the economic growth of this country in the long run. The Johansen co-integration test confirmed a long-run association among GDP per capita, FDI inflows, trade openness, and exchange rate. Results also indicated a unidirectional causality running from GDP per capita and trade openness to FDI and exchange rate. In addition, a bidirectional causality ran from FDI to the exchange rate. Research implications/limitations Policies were recommended to facilitate macroeconomic stability for Vietnam. First, fiscal and monetary policies should be carried out to achieve targets in macroeconomic stability, economic development, employment creation, and inflation control. Second, FDI inflows should continue to be encouraged since they accelerate economic growth. Still, FDI projects should concentrate on improving labor skills and technological progress and promoting sustainable development in crucial sectors such as agriculture, energy, and the environment. Third, fostering innovation in exports by shifting focus from raw materials and inputs exports towards processed and high-value-added commodities while also promoting exports from domestic enterprises to reduce reliance on exports from FDI enterprises. Lastly, improving flexible and active exchange rate regimes consistent with real conditions in both domestic and international markets is necessary to stabilize the exchange rate and foreign currency market in Vietnam. Originality/value/contribution This paper contributes to the field by providing specific policy recommendations for Vietnam. These recommendations aim to stabilize the economy, attract FDI, renovate exports, and implement flexible and active exchange rate regimes.

Suggested Citation

  • Nguyen Anh Tru & Poczta-Wajda Agnieszka, 2024. "The relationship between Foreign Direct Investment, trade openness, exchange rate, and Gross Domestic Product per capita in Vietnam," Journal of Economics and Management, Sciendo, vol. 46(1), pages 189-212.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:jecman:v:46:y:2024:i:1:p:189-212:n:1008
    DOI: 10.22367/jem.2024.46.08
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.22367/jem.2024.46.08
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22367/jem.2024.46.08?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Klein, Michael W. & Shambaugh, Jay C., 2012. "Exchange Rate Regimes in the Modern Era," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026251799x, December.
    2. Jen-Yao Lee & Ya-Chuan Hsiao & Ngochien Bui & Tien-Thinh Nguyen, 2021. "Inward Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness in Vietnam: A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-18, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fischer, Christoph, 2016. "Determining global currency bloc equilibria: An empirical strategy based on estimates of anchor currency choice," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 214-238.
    2. Ebeke Christian & Fouejieu Armand, 2018. "Inflation targeting and exchange rate regimes in emerging markets," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 18(2), pages 1-24, June.
    3. Dedola, Luca & Rivolta, Giulia & Stracca, Livio, 2017. "If the Fed sneezes, who catches a cold?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(S1), pages 23-41.
    4. Bodea, Cristina, 2015. "Fixed exchange rates with escape clauses: The political determinants of the European Monetary System realignments," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 25-40.
    5. Jeffrey Frankel, 2021. "Systematic Managed Floating," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Steven J Davis & Edward S Robinson & Bernard Yeung (ed.), THE ASIAN MONETARY POLICY FORUM Insights for Central Banking, chapter 5, pages 160-221, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    6. Coulibaly, Issiaka & Davis, Junior, 2013. "Exchange rate regimes and economic performance: Does CFA zone membership benefit their economies?," MPRA Paper 54075, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Dąbrowski, Marek A. & Papież, Monika & Śmiech, Sławomir, 2024. "Output volatility and exchange rates: New evidence from the updated de facto exchange rate regime classifications," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PA), pages 894-908.
    8. Stefanescu, Razvan & Dumitriu, Ramona, 2015. "Conţinutul analizei seriilor de timp financiare [The Essentials of the Analysis of Financial Time Series]," MPRA Paper 67175, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Lahura, Erick & Vega, Marco, 2013. "Regímenes cambiarios y desempeño macroeconómico: Una evaluación de la literatura," Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 26, pages 101-119.
    10. Montinari, Letizia & Stracca, Livio, 2016. "Trade, finance or policies: What drives the cross-border spill-over of business cycles?," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 131-148.
    11. Christoph Fischer, 2011. "Currency blocs in the 21st century," Globalization Institute Working Papers 87, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    12. Pierre-Guillaume Méon & Geoffrey Minne, 2014. "Mark my Words: Information and the Fear of Declaring one’s Exchange Rate Regime," Post-Print CEB, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, vol. 107, pages 244-261, March.
    13. Issiaka Coulibaly & Blaise Gnimassoun, 2013. "Current account sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does the exchange rate regime matter?," Working Papers hal-04141160, HAL.
    14. Mohammad Tarequl Hasan Chowdhury & Prasad Sankar Bhattacharya & Debdulal Mallick & Mehmet Ali Ulubaşoğlu, 2015. "Persistence, Capital Account Openness, and Financial Sector Health in Exchange Rate Regime Choice," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 91(294), pages 279-299, September.
    15. repec:zbw:bofitp:2012_024 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Habib, Maurizio Michael & Mileva, Elitza & Stracca, Livio, 2017. "The real exchange rate and economic growth: Revisiting the case using external instruments," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PB), pages 386-398.
    17. Rose, A.K. & Rose, A.I.G., 2024. "A presence of absence: The benign emergence of monetary stability," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    18. Ghosh, Amit, 2014. "A comparison of exchange rate regime choice in emerging markets with advanced and low income nations for 1999–2011," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 358-370.
    19. Michael Bleaney & Mo Tian, 2020. "Exchange Rate Flexibility: How Should We Measure It?," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 31(4), pages 881-900, September.
    20. Cosimo Petracchi, 2024. "The Macro Neutrality of Exchange-Rate Regimes in the presence of Exporter-Importer Firms," CEIS Research Paper 580, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, revised 15 Jul 2024.
    21. Ayoub Rabhi & Amina Haoudi, 2017. "Developing Economies Optimal Exchange Rate Regime: to Float or to Peg for Morocco?," Post-Print hal-02432744, HAL.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); trade openness; exchange rate; Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E60 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:jecman:v:46:y:2024:i:1:p:189-212:n:1008. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciendo.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.