IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/ekonom/v95y2016i2p108-117n6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Shadow Economy is Retreating: An Example of Georgia

Author

Listed:
  • Kbiladze David

    (Davit Agmashenebeli University of Georgia,Tbisili, Georgia)

  • Metreveli Shorena

    (Georgian Technical University,Tbisili, Georgia)

Abstract

The economy of Georgia had corruptive characteristics at the end of the last century and that has largely contributed to the existence of high-scaled shadow economy. Tax avoidance by entrepreneurs is considered to be the main cause of shadow economy1 (Gabidzashvili, Kbiladze, 2010). The methodological measurement and assessment of the shadow economy is characterized by certain peculiarities; therefore, we have aimed to examine and assess the scale of shadow economy and its impact on the overall economy of Georgia. The research shows several differences between real indicators, obtained by interviewers using hidden chronometry, and those indicators declared by entrepreneurs (the non-traditional method of research). The differences reveal unregistered micro-level economy, and provide the basis for determining the scale of shadow economy on the macroeconomic level. This problem was discussed several times by the president of Georgia. The research uses methods of average values, time series and the correlation-regression analysis of data. The study allowed us to identify the pattern of shadow economy reduction in Georgia during recent years and its shifting from the illegal to legal sectors, also, the maintenance of same trends before 2020.

Suggested Citation

  • Kbiladze David & Metreveli Shorena, 2016. "The Shadow Economy is Retreating: An Example of Georgia," Ekonomika (Economics), Sciendo, vol. 95(2), pages 108-117, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:ekonom:v:95:y:2016:i:2:p:108-117:n:6
    DOI: 10.15388/ekon.2016.2.10127
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2016.2.10127
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.15388/ekon.2016.2.10127?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Schneider, Friedrich, 2012. "The Shadow Economy and Work in the Shadow: What Do We (Not) Know?," IZA Discussion Papers 6423, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Schneider, Friedrich G., 2007. "Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: New Estimates for 145 Countries," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 1, pages 1-66.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Feige, Edgar L., 2015. "Reflections on the meaning and measurement of Unobserved Economies: What do we really know about the “Shadow Economy”?," MPRA Paper 68466, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Folorunsho Monsuru Ajide & James Temitope Dada & Johnson Kolawole Olowookere, 2022. "Shadow economy and foreign direct investment in Nigerian manufacturing industry," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 23(2), pages 156-180.
    3. Suslov, N. & Mel'tenisova, E., 2015. "Analysis of Energy Price's Impact on Shadow Economies Around the World," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 27(3), pages 12-43.
    4. Mohammad Javad Razmi & Arash Jamalmanesh, 2014. "How Political Indices Affect The Shadow Economy," Romanian Economic Business Review, Romanian-American University, vol. 9(1), pages 45-55, March.
    5. Angela TIMUS & Alexandru CEBAN, 2020. "Highlights, Concepts And Methods In Addressing The Shadow Economy: Theoretical Approach And Some Countries’ Experience," Contemporary Economy Journal, Constantin Brancoveanu University, vol. 5(3), pages 66-82.
    6. Dominik H. Enste, 2018. "The shadow economy in industrial countries," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 1-11, November.
    7. Roberto Dell'Anno & Adalgiso Amendola, 2008. "Istituzioni, Diseguaglianza ed Economia Sommersa: quale relazione?," Quaderni DSEMS 24-2008, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Matematiche e Statistiche, Universita' di Foggia.
    8. Kaplan, David S., 2009. "Job creation and labor reform in Latin America," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 91-105, March.
    9. Ibale, Douglas Amuli & Docquier, Frédéric & Iftikhar, Zainab, 2024. "Spatial Inequality, Poverty and Informality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    10. Brigitte Unger, 2013. "Can Money Laundering Decrease?," Public Finance Review, , vol. 41(5), pages 658-676, September.
    11. Ligita Gasparėnienė & Rita Remeikienė & Colin C. Williams, 2022. "Unemployment and the Informal Economy," SpringerBriefs in Economics, Springer, number 978-3-030-96687-4, September.
    12. Friedrich Schneider & Mangirdas Morkunas & Erika Quendler, 2021. "Measuring the Immeasurable: The Evolution of the Size of Informal Economy in the Agricultural Sector in the EU-15 up to 2019," CESifo Working Paper Series 8937, CESifo.
    13. Faeyz M. J. Abuamria, 2019. "The Effect of Deterrence Factors on Discourage Shadow Economy Level and Tax Evasion," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 9(1), pages 65-70, January.
    14. Piotr Dybka & Bartosz Olesiński & Marek Rozkrut & Andrzej Torój, 2023. "Measuring the model uncertainty of shadow economy estimates," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 30(4), pages 1069-1106, August.
    15. Péter Elek & János Köllő, 2019. "Eliciting permanent and transitory undeclared work from matched administrative and survey data," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 46(3), pages 547-576, August.
    16. Popov, Vladimir, 2015. "Разрыв Между Югом И Западом По Уровню Экономического Развития Сокращается? [Catching up: Developing countries in pursuit of growth]," MPRA Paper 65893, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Dellas, Harris & Malliaropulos, Dimitris & Papageorgiou, Dimitris & Vourvachaki, Evangelia, 2024. "Fiscal policy with an informal sector," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    18. Wiseman Travis & Walker Paul, 2017. "US Interstate Underground Trade Flow: A Gravity Model Approach," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(2), pages 1-25, July.
    19. Barseghyan, Levon & DiCecio, Riccardo, 2011. "Entry costs, industry structure, and cross-country income and TFP differences," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 146(5), pages 1828-1851, September.
    20. Laszlo Goerke, 2015. "Income tax buyouts and income tax evasion," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 22(1), pages 120-143, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:ekonom:v:95:y:2016:i:2:p:108-117:n:6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciendo.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.