IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/ecobur/v7y2021i4p94-120n4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

“Every knock is a boost”. Cyber risk behaviour among Poles

Author

Listed:
  • Cichowicz Ewa

    (Financial System Department, Collegium of Management and Finance, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Iwanicz-Drozdowska Małgorzata

    (Financial System Department, Collegium of Management and Finance, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Kurowski Łukasz

    (Financial System Department, Collegium of Management and Finance, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of individuals’ behaviour in the cyber world, especially when using financial services. The article focuses on knowledge of cybersecurity issues, cyber risk awareness and respondents’ self-assessment as potential determinants of individual behaviour. The data obtained from a survey of a representative group of Polish citizens during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was analysed. Ordinal logistic regression and instrumental variable analysis confirm the existence of a positive relationship between knowledge and awareness of cyber risk and safe behaviour in the cyber world. Older generations exhibit safer behaviour which may be linked to their life experience; however, the results do not confirm that experiencing a loss due to cyber risk convinces individuals to use Internet-based solutions in a safer manner. Therefore, educational campaigns should be expanded to include cyber risk issues and tailored to the needs of various users.

Suggested Citation

  • Cichowicz Ewa & Iwanicz-Drozdowska Małgorzata & Kurowski Łukasz, 2021. "“Every knock is a boost”. Cyber risk behaviour among Poles," Economics and Business Review, Sciendo, vol. 7(4), pages 94-120, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:vrs:ecobur:v:7:y:2021:i:4:p:94-120:n:4
    DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2021.4.6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2021.4.6
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.18559/ebr.2021.4.6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. van Rooij, Maarten & Lusardi, Annamaria & Alessie, Rob, 2011. "Financial literacy and stock market participation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 449-472, August.
    2. Dvorak, Tomas & Hanley, Henry, 2010. "Financial literacy and the design of retirement plans," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 645-652, December.
    3. Lusardi, Annamaria & Tufano, Peter, 2015. "Debt literacy, financial experiences, and overindebtedness," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(4), pages 332-368, October.
    4. Nela Miloševiæ & Marina Dobrota & Slaðana Barjaktaroviæ Rakoèeviæ, 2018. "EU enlargement: Digital economy in Europe: Evaluation of countries’ performances," Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, vol. 36(2), pages 861-880.
    5. Frijns, Bart & Gilbert, Aaron & Tourani-Rad, Alireza, 2014. "Learning by doing: the role of financial experience in financial literacy," Journal of Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 34(1), pages 123-154, April.
    6. Lis Piotr & Mendel Jacob, 2019. "Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure: An economic perspective," Economics and Business Review, Sciendo, vol. 5(2), pages 24-47, June.
    7. Thulani Mashiane & Elmarie Kritzinger, 2021. "Identifying Behavioral Constructs in Relation to User Cybersecurity Behavior," Eurasian Journal of Social Sciences, Eurasian Publications, vol. 9(2), pages 98-122.
    8. Hosany, Sameer & Martin, Drew, 2012. "Self-image congruence in consumer behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 65(5), pages 685-691.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tanmoyee Banerjee-Chatterjee & Malabika Roy & Ajitava Raychaudhuri, 2021. "Financial Inclusiveness and Mobilization of Household Savings in Rural Area: Are They Related?," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 19(2), pages 223-249, June.
    2. Elisabeth Beckmann & Sarah Reiter, 2020. "How financially literate is CESEE? Insights from the OeNB Euro Survey," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q3/20, pages 36-59.
    3. Noviarini, Jelita & Coleman, Andrew & Roberts, Helen & Whiting, Rosalind H., 2021. "Financial literacy, debt, risk tolerance and retirement preparedness: Evidence from New Zealand," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    4. Lyons, Angela C. & Grable, John E. & Zeng, Ting, 2019. "Impacts of Financial Literacy on the Loan Decisions of Financially Excluded Households in the People's Republic of China," ADBI Working Papers 923, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    5. Noviarini, Jelita & Coleman, Andrew & Roberts, Helen & Whiting, Rosalind H., 2023. "Financial literacy and retirees' resource allocation decisions in New Zealand," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    6. Mustabsar Awais & M. Fahad Laber & Nilofer Rasheed & Aisha Khursheed, 2016. "Impact of Financial Literacy and Investment Experience on Risk Tolerance and Investment Decisions: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(1), pages 73-79.
    7. Shen, Chung-Hua & Lin, Shih-Jie & Tang, De-Piao & Hsiao, Yu-Jen, 2016. "The relationship between financial disputes and financial literacy," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 46-65.
    8. Leora Klapper & Annamaria Lusardi, 2020. "Financial literacy and financial resilience: Evidence from around the world," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 49(3), pages 589-614, September.
    9. Tullio Jappelli, 2010. "Economic Literacy: An International Comparison," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 120(548), pages 429-451, November.
    10. Lusardi, Annamaria & Mitchell, Olivia S., 2011. "Financial literacy around the world: an overview," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(4), pages 497-508, October.
    11. Florian Deuflhard & Dimitris Georgarakos & Roman Inderst, 2019. "Financial Literacy and Savings Account Returns," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 17(1), pages 131-164.
    12. Grohmann, Antonia & Klühs, Theres & Menkhoff, Lukas, 2018. "Does financial literacy improve financial inclusion? Cross country evidence," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 111, pages 84-96.
    13. Kadoya, Yoshihiko & Khan, Mostafa Saidur Rahim, 2020. "What determines financial literacy in Japan?," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 19(3), pages 353-371, July.
    14. Djordjevic, Ljubica, 2015. "Essays in household finance," Other publications TiSEM ad3edc86-915e-4ce8-ba38-b, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    15. Gerrans, Paul, 2021. "Undergraduate student financial education interventions: Medium term evidence of retention, decay, and confidence in financial literacy," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    16. Pendleton, Andrew & Robinson, Andrew, 2021. "Why walk away from an easy gain in wealth? Evidence from a UK stock option plan," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    17. Vitor Leone & Piers Thompson, 2024. "Financial literacy and advice perceptions among UK higher education students: an ethnicity tale?," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 709-781, June.
    18. Gathergood, John & Weber, Jörg, 2017. "Financial literacy, present bias and alternative mortgage products," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 58-83.
    19. Joanne W. Hsu, 2016. "Aging and Strategic Learning: The Impact of Spousal Incentives on Financial Literacy," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 51(4), pages 1036-1067.
    20. Maya KATENOVA & Sang HOON LEE, 2020. "A comparative study of financial literacy, retirement planning and delinquency in payment: the Kazakhstan case Abstract: Financial knowledge is assumed to help people in making good choices in their f," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 11, pages 273-292, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    cybersecurity behaviour; knowledge of cybersecurity; instrumental variables; financial services;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth
    • D10 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - General
    • M15 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - IT Management
    • P36 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:ecobur:v:7:y:2021:i:4:p:94-120:n:4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciendo.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.