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Origin and Evolution of Malmquist Productivity Index: Review of the Literature

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  • Brzezicki Łukasz

    (Ustka City Hall, Wyszyńskiego 3, 76-270 Ustka, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of this review was to present research work on the development of the Malmquist index (MI) in various aspects based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The MI is one of the three methods of dynamic analysis and also the main one, as it is the most commonly used to measure productivity changes. However, over the years, from being a simple productivity index like the models within the DEA method, it has become a more complex and useful index as it has seen many developments and extensions. Modifications and developments of the MI have taken place in many directions. A review of MI studies from 1990 to 2025 shows that the authors considered various aspects of the MI: Alternative ways of decomposing, different ways of measuring, different types of efficiency, different nature of data and variables and network structure or combined dynamic analysis methods into a single framework. The direction of changes and modifications of the MI can be divided into three groups: Adapting DEA solutions within the MI, presenting new MI solutions without being inspired by the DEA method and combining two methods of dynamic analysis into one framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Brzezicki Łukasz, 2025. "Origin and Evolution of Malmquist Productivity Index: Review of the Literature," Central European Economic Journal, Sciendo, vol. 12(59), pages 102-119.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:ceuecj:v:12:y:2025:i:59:p:102-119:n:1007
    DOI: 10.2478/ceej-2025-0007
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Malmquist index; productivity; productivity index; review; DEA;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • C83 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods

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