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Relationships and Rationing in Consumer Loans

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  • Chakravarty, Sugato
  • Scott, James S

Abstract

We empirically examine how relationships between individual households and their creditors affect the probability of being credit-rationed. Using a data set where the credit-rationing of individual households is observed directly, we show that relationship duration and the number of activities between a family and a potential lender significantly lower the probability of being credit-rationed. Additionally, we examine the relative role of relationships in determining the interest rates of two consumer loans--a mortgage loan and a "special purposes" loan--and show that mortgage loan rates are driven less by relationship factors than the special purposes loan rates. Copyright 1999 by University of Chicago Press.

Suggested Citation

  • Chakravarty, Sugato & Scott, James S, 1999. "Relationships and Rationing in Consumer Loans," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 72(4), pages 523-544, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jnlbus:v:72:y:1999:i:4:p:523-44
    DOI: 10.1086/209626
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    Cited by:

    1. Chakravarty, Sugato & Xiang, Meifang, 2013. "The international evidence on discouraged small businesses," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 63-82.
    2. Hongyi Zhang & Hsing Hung Chen & Kunseng Lao & Zhengyu Ren, 2022. "The Impacts of Resource Endowment, and Environmental Regulations on Sustainability—Empirical Evidence Based on Data from Renewable Energy Enterprises," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Álvaro García & Andrea Repetto & Sergio Rodríguez & Rodrigo O. Valdés, 2004. "Concentration, Hold-up, and Information Revelation in Bank Lending: Evidence From Chilean Firms," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Luis Antonio Ahumada & J. Rodrigo Fuentes & Norman Loayza (Series Editor) & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (Se (ed.),Banking Market Structure and Monetary Policy, edition 1, volume 7, chapter 7, pages 211-240, Central Bank of Chile.
    4. Ana Abras & Guilherme G. C. Mattos, 2021. "Get Them While They Are Young," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 59(1), pages 97-113, April.
    5. Carow, Kenneth A., 2001. "Citicorp-Travelers Group merger: Challenging barriers between banking and insurance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(8), pages 1553-1571, August.
    6. Martin Brown & Steven Ongena & Alexander Popov & Pinar Yeşin, 2011. "Who needs credit and who gets credit in Eastern Europe? [Interaction terms in logit and probit models]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 26(65), pages 93-130.
    7. Jessica Holmes & Jonathan Isham & Jessica Wasilewski, 2002. "Overcoming Information Asymmetries in Low-Income Lending: Lessons from the "Working Wheels" Program," Middlebury College Working Paper Series 0244, Middlebury College, Department of Economics.
    8. Sumeetha Natesan & Deepika Thakur & Goutam Dutta & Manoj Kumar Tiwari, 2023. "Pricing and revenue management for bank home loans: a mathematical approach," OPSEARCH, Springer;Operational Research Society of India, vol. 60(2), pages 656-687, June.
    9. Drakos, Konstantinos & Giannakopoulos, Nicholas, 2011. "On the determinants of credit rationing: Firm-level evidence from transition countries," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(8), pages 1773-1790.
    10. Franz R. Hahn & Werner Hölzl & Claudia Kwapil, 2016. "The Credit Channel and the Role of Monetary Policy Before, During and After the Global Financial Crisis. A Micro Data Approach to the Analysis of Bank-firm Relationships," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 59233.
    11. Jessica Holmes & Jonathan Isham & Jessica Wasilewski, 2005. "Overcoming Information Asymmetries in Low‐Income Lending: Lessons from the “Working Wheels” Program," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 72(2), pages 329-351, October.
    12. Doris Neuberger & Solvig Räthke-Döppner, 2015. "The role of demographics in small business loan pricing," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 411-424, February.
    13. Tali Bank & Nimrod Segev & Maya Shaton, 2023. "Relationship Banking and Credit Scores: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2023.05, Bank of Israel.
    14. Anjali Kumar & Manuela Francisco, 2005. "Enterprise Size, Financing Patterns, and Credit Constraints in Brazil : Analysis of Data from the Investment Climate Assessment Survey," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7330.
    15. Beyhaghi, Mehdi & Firoozi, Fathali & Jalilvand, Abol & Samarbakhsh, Laleh, 2020. "Components of credit rationing," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    16. Sugato Chakravarty & Tansel Yilmazer, 2009. "A Multistage Model of Loans and the Role of Relationships," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 38(4), pages 781-816, December.
    17. Jonathan Fisher & Angela Lyons, 2010. "Information and credit access: using bankruptcy as a signal," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(25), pages 3175-3193.
    18. Dutta, Goutam & Natesan, Sumeetha R. & Thakur, Deepika & Tiwari, Manoj K., 2020. "A Mathematical Programming Approach with Revenue Management in Home Loan Pricing (Revised as on 20-12-2021)," IIMA Working Papers WP 2020-02-02, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    19. Isabelle Agier & Ariane Szafarz, 2011. "Credit to Women Entrepreneurs: The Curse of the Trustworthier Sex," Working Papers CEB 11-005, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    20. M. Martin Boyer & Charles M. Nyce, 2002. "Banks as Insurance Referral Agents? The Convergence of Financial Services: Evidence from the Title Insurance Industry," CIRANO Working Papers 2002s-78, CIRANO.
    21. Naranchimeg Mijid & Caroline Elliott, 2015. "Gender differences in Type 1 credit rationing of small businesses in the US," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 1021553-102, December.
    22. Chakravarty, Sugato & Feinberg, Richard & Rhee, Eun-Young, 2004. "Relationships and individuals' bank switching behavior," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 507-527, August.
    23. Allen N. Berger & Christa H. S. Bouwman & Lars Norden & Raluca A. Roman & Gregory F. Udell & Teng Wang, 2024. "Piercing through Opacity: Relationships and Credit Card Lending to Consumers and Small Businesses during Normal Times and the COVID-19 Crisis," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 132(2), pages 484-551.
    24. Andrea Repetto & Sergio Rodríguez & Rodrigo O. Valdés, 2002. "Bank Lending and Relationship Banking: Evidence from Chilean Firms," Documentos de Trabajo 146, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.

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