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Common Property Resources and New Entrants: Uncovering the Bias and Effects of New Users

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  • Steven M. Smith

Abstract

Small, stable, and homogeneous user groups are expected to achieve better outcomes within common-property resource regimes. Empirical identification of these effects, however, remains difficult because user group characteristics are unlikely random across systems and data of communally managed resources are hard to come by, exposing analyses to omitted variable bias. To address this issue, I collect a panel data set of 50 communal irrigation systems in New Mexico. With annual observations from 1984 to 2011, I test for the impact of group size, new users, and group heterogeneity using fixed effects, controlling for a number of time-invariant factors that would otherwise be omitted. I find robust results demonstrating that larger user groups experience worse outcomes. However, if I forgo the fixed effects and mimic cross-sectional analysis, I identify a result smaller in magnitude and statistical significance, suggesting that omitted variable bias can account for some of the weak evidence in the existing literature.

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  • Steven M. Smith, 2016. "Common Property Resources and New Entrants: Uncovering the Bias and Effects of New Users," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 3(1), pages 1-36.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jaerec:doi:10.1086/683683
    DOI: 10.1086/683683
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    Cited by:

    1. Smith, Steven M., 2018. "From decentralized to centralized irrigation management," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 62-87.
    2. Smith, Steven M., 2021. "The relative economic merits of alternative water right systems," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    3. Perez-Quesada, Gabriela & Hendricks, Nathan P., 2021. "Lessons from local governance and collective action efforts to manage irrigation withdrawals in Kansas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    4. Justin B. Winikoff & Dominic P. Parker, 2024. "Farm size, spatial externalities, and wind energy development," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 106(4), pages 1518-1543, August.
    5. Bryan Leonard & Gary D. Libecap, 2016. "Collective Action by Contract: Prior Appropriation and the Development of Irrigation in the Western United States," NBER Working Papers 22185, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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