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The Influence of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Comparing Mexico, China and South Africa

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  • Aarti Gupta
  • Robert Falkner

Abstract

This paper analyzes how the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, a global regime governing trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is influencing agricultural biotechnology policy choices in developing countries/emerging economies. Through empirical analysis of Mexico, China and South Africa, we examine whether discursive and/or institutional change has followed the negotiation and implementation of the Cartagena Protocol in these countries. We find that, although trade and market competitiveness concerns are driving biotechnology policy choices in all three cases, a precautionary biosafety discourse has gained greater legitimacy as a result of the Cartagena Protocol, empowering those domestically who voice such concerns. Related to that, debates and/or decisionmaking processes in this controversial area have become more inclusive in all three countries-an important influence of the Cartagena Protocol.We also find persisting regulatory diversity rather than harmonization of biosafety regulatory frameworks in our three countries, with international trade linkages and domestic politics playing an important mediating role in determining Protocol influence. (c) 2006 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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  • Aarti Gupta & Robert Falkner, 2006. "The Influence of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Comparing Mexico, China and South Africa," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, vol. 6(4), pages 23-55, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:tpr:glenvp:v:6:y:2006:i:4:p:23-55
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    Cited by:

    1. Amandine Bled, 2009. "Business to the rescue: private sector actors and global environmental regimes’ legitimacy," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 9(2), pages 153-171, May.
    2. Thomas Gehring & Benjamin Faude, 2014. "A theory of emerging order within institutional complexes: How competition among regulatory international institutions leads to institutional adaptation and division of labor," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 471-498, December.
    3. Abby Kinchy, 2010. "Anti-genetic engineering activism and scientized politics in the case of “contaminated” Mexican maize," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 27(4), pages 505-517, December.
    4. Robert Falkner & Aarti Gupta, 2009. "The limits of regulatory convergence: globalization and GMO politics in the south," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 9(2), pages 113-133, May.

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