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Code-sharing, Price Discrimination and Welfare Losses

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  • Achim I. Czerny

Abstract

Airlines frequently use code-share agreements allowing each other to market seats on flights operated by partner airlines. Regulation may allow code-share agreements with antitrust immunity (cooperative price setting), or without antitrust immunity, or not at all. I compare the relative welfare effects of these regulation regimes on complementary airline networks. A crucial point is that such agreements are used to identify and price-discriminate interline passengers. I find that interline passengers always benefit from code-share agreements while non-interline passengers are worse off. Furthermore, I show that the latter effect questions the overall usefulness of code-share agreements from a welfare perspective. © 2009 LSE and the University of Bath

Suggested Citation

  • Achim I. Czerny, 2009. "Code-sharing, Price Discrimination and Welfare Losses," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 43(2), pages 193-212, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:tpe:jtecpo:v:43:y:2009:i:2:p:193-212
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Anming & Czerny, Achim I., 2012. "Airports and airlines economics and policy: An interpretive review of recent research," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 15-34.
    2. Alderighi, Marco & Gaggero, Alberto A. & Piga, Claudio A., 2015. "The effect of code-share agreements on the temporal profile of airline fares," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 42-54.
    3. Romain de Nijs, 2015. "Behavior-based price discrimination and customer information sharing," PSE Working Papers hal-01226250, HAL.
    4. Czerny, Achim I. & Jost, Peter-J. & Lang, Hao & Mantin, Benny, 2021. "Carrier collaboration with endogenous networks: Or, the limits of what carrier collaboration can achieve under antitrust immunity," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    5. Álvarez-Sanjaime, Óscar & Cantos-Sánchez, Pedro & Moner-Colonques, Rafael & Sempere-Monerris, Jose J., 2020. "A three-stage competition game in an air transport network under asymmetric valuation of flight frequencies," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
    6. Romain de Nijs, 2015. "Behavior-based price discrimination and customer information sharing," Working Papers hal-01226250, HAL.
    7. Xing Hu & René Caldentey & Gustavo Vulcano, 2013. "Revenue Sharing in Airline Alliances," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(5), pages 1177-1195, May.
    8. Volodymyr Bilotkach, 2019. "Airline Partnerships, Antitrust Immunity, and Joint Ventures: What We Know and What I Think We Would Like to Know," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 54(1), pages 37-60, February.
    9. Adler, Nicole & Hanany, Eran, 2016. "Regulating inter-firm agreements: The case of airline codesharing in parallel networks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 31-54.
    10. Xia, Wenyi & Jiang, Changmin & Wang, Kun & Zhang, Anming, 2019. "Air-rail revenue sharing in a multi-airport system: Effects on traffic and social welfare," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 304-319.
    11. Douglas, Ian & Tan, David, 2017. "Global airline alliances and profitability: A difference-in-difference analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 432-443.
    12. Achim I. Czerny & Peter-J. Jost & Benny Mantin, 2010. "Pricing in Overlapping Transport Networks," WHU Working Paper Series - Economics Group 10-05, WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management.
    13. Itoh, Ryo & Zhang, Anming, 2023. "Shipping alliances under an unexpected shock: Effects on market volatility and social welfare," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    14. Czerny, Achim I. & van den Berg, Vincent A.C. & Verhoef, Erik T., 2016. "Carrier collaboration with endogenous fleets and load factors when networks are complementary," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 285-297.
    15. Kawamori, Tomohiko & Lin, Ming Hsin, 2013. "Airline mergers with low cost carriers," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 63-71.
    16. De Nijs, Romain, 2017. "Behavior-based price discrimination and customer information sharing," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 319-334.
    17. Zheng, Shiyuan & Ge, Ying-En & Fu, Xiaowen & Jiang, Changmin, 2019. "Voluntary carbon offset and airline alliance," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 110-126.
    18. Lu, Jin-Long & Yang, Chih-Wen, 2022. "Good or bad? Passenger feelings regarding code-share alliances among airlines," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    19. Achim I. Czerny & Vincent A.C. van den Berg & Erik T. Verhoef, 2015. "Complementary Alliances with Endogenous Fleets and Load Factors," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 15-134/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    20. Anming Zhang & Yimin Zhang & Joseph A. Clougherty, 2011. "Competition and Regulation in Air Transport," Chapters, in: André de Palma & Robin Lindsey & Emile Quinet & Roger Vickerman (ed.), A Handbook of Transport Economics, chapter 35, Edward Elgar Publishing.

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