Similarity-dissimilarity and social capital in research knowledge networks: explaining knowledge sharing in academic institutions

As diversity grows, it becomes important for academics of diverse backgrounds to share knowledge to strengthen research capability at academic institutions. Yet, little is known about the relationship between diversity and interpersonal knowledge sharing in the institutions. This paper explored the effects of similarity-dissimilarity of socio-demographic characteristics on research knowledge sharing among academics within academic institutions and the role of social capital in connecting member diversity to interpersonal knowledge sharing. The exponential random graph model analysis of a research knowledge-sharing network among faculty in a US university showed that homophily by age, race, and departmental affiliation shaped the formation of interpersonal ties to share research knowledge. The network specifications emerged while the modeling process (i.e., closed triads and dyadic reciprocity) suggested that bonding social capital may mediate, to a limited extent, the relationship between the tendency towards homophily and knowledge sharing. This paper discusses implications for theory and practice around knowledge management and diversity management in organizations.