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Environmental Kuznets Curves for air pollution in African and developed countries: exploring turning point incomes and the role of democracy

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  • Iddisah Sulemana
  • Harvey S. James
  • James S. Rikoon

Abstract

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis advances an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution. Scholars have estimated turning point incomes for various pollutants within and across countries. However, the majority of these studies were conducted for developed countries. Very few studies have focused on developing countries. In particular, the relationship between economic growth and air pollution in Africa remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we test whether the EKC hypothesis holds for carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM10) emissions in African and high-income OECD countries. We find that the EKC hypothesis holds for both CO2 and PM10 for African and OECD countries. Further, our examination of the effect of institutional quality on air pollution reveals an insignificant effect for CO2 for both samples. However, democracy is positively and significantly correlated with PM10 emissions for African countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Iddisah Sulemana & Harvey S. James & James S. Rikoon, 2017. "Environmental Kuznets Curves for air pollution in African and developed countries: exploring turning point incomes and the role of democracy," Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(2), pages 134-152, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:134-152
    DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1231635
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nelson, Gerald C. & Rosegrant, Mark W. & Palazzo, Amanda & Gray, Ian & Ingersoll, Christina & Robertson, Richard & Tokgoz, Simla & Zhu, Tingju & Sulser, Timothy B. & Ringler, Claudia & Msangi, Siwa & , 2010. "Food security, farming, and climate change to 2050: Scenarios, results, policy options," Research reports Gerald C. Nelson, et al., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    2. Shafik, Nemat & Bandyopadhyay, Sushenjit, 1992. "Economic growth and environmental quality : time series and cross-country evidence," Policy Research Working Paper Series 904, The World Bank.
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    2. Lazăr, Dorina & Minea, Alexandru & Purcel, Alexandra-Anca, 2019. "Pollution and economic growth: Evidence from Central and Eastern European countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 1121-1131.
    3. Zhao, Jun & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Dong, Xiucheng & Dong, Kangyin, 2021. "How does financial risk affect global CO2 emissions? The role of technological innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    4. Abid Rashid Gill & Sallahuddin Hassan & K Kuperan Viswanathan, 2019. "Is democracy enough to get early turn of the environmental Kuznets curve in ASEAN countries?," Energy & Environment, , vol. 30(8), pages 1491-1505, December.
    5. Qudsia Kanwal & Xianlai Zeng & Jinhui Li, 2023. "Measuring the recycling potential of industrial waste for long-term sustainability," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Andrew Phiri & Simba Mhaka & Lovemore Taonezvi, 2024. "Too poor to be clean? A quantile ARDL assessment of the environmental Kuznets curve in SADC countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(11), pages 27301-27323, November.
    7. Sulemana, Iddisah & Kpienbaareh, Daniel, 2018. "An empirical examination of the relationship between income inequality and corruption in Africa," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 27-42.
    8. Chien, Fengsheng & Anwar, Ahsan & Hsu, Ching-Chi & Sharif, Arshian & Razzaq, Asif & Sinha, Avik, 2021. "The role of information and communication technology in encountering environmental degradation: Proposing an SDG framework for the BRICS countries," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    9. Benoit Mougenot & Rosa Pamela Durand Santa Mar a & Claudia Lucia Koc Olcese, 2022. "Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: An Empirical Study for Peru," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(1), pages 193-199.
    10. Kwabena Twerefou, Daniel & Danso-Mensah, Kwadwo & Bokpin, Godfred A., 2017. "The environmental effects of economic growth and globalization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel general method of moments approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 939-949.

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