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Are Multiple Points of Attachment Necessary to Predict Cognitive, Affective, Conative, or Behavioral Loyalty?

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  • Harry H. Kwon
  • Galen T. Trail
  • Dean S. Anderson

Abstract

Team identification has been shown to predict cognitive, affective, conative, and behavioural dimensions of sport spectatorship. Recently, the Point of Attachment Index was introduced as a comprehensive measure of a sport fan's different points of attachment within sport. The PAI, as studied here, is composed of six different points of attachment (i.e., team, players, coach, sport, university, and level of sport). The primary focus of this study was to determine whether fewer subscales from the Points of Attachment Index would satisfactorily predict cognitive, affective, conative, and behavioural dimensions of sport spectatorship. Data were collected from 358 university students (154 male, 204 female. The attachment to the team subscale explained a significant and meaningful amount of variance in BIRGing, satisfaction, conative loyalty, and attendance behaviour. Three of the other subscales (university, level, and coach), when added into each of the regression equations, explained a small but statistically significant amount of the remaining variance.

Suggested Citation

  • Harry H. Kwon & Galen T. Trail & Dean S. Anderson, 2005. "Are Multiple Points of Attachment Necessary to Predict Cognitive, Affective, Conative, or Behavioral Loyalty?," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 255-270, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rsmrxx:v:8:y:2005:i:3:p:255-270
    DOI: 10.1016/S1441-3523(05)70041-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Philip Turbutt, 2015. "Motivation, segmentation and the mega-tournament experience: a study of English Football Tourists at World Cup 2014," Birkbeck Sports Business Centre Working Papers 11, Birkbeck College, Department of Management.
    2. Dwyer, Brendan & Mudrick, Michael & Greenhalgh, Gregory P. & LeCrom, Carrie W. & Drayer, Joris, 2015. "The tie that blinds? Developing and validating a scale to measure emotional attachment to a sport team," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 570-582.
    3. Raggiotto, Francesco & Scarpi, Daniele & Mason, Michela C., 2019. "Faster! More! Better! Drivers of upgrading among participants in extreme sports events," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 1-11.
    4. Brian P. McCullough & Jonathan C. Casper & Danielle M. Kushner Smith, 2022. "Fan Responses of Sponsored Environmental Sustainability Initiatives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Katz, Matthew & Ward, Rose Marie & Heere, Bob, 2018. "Explaining attendance through the brand community triad: Integrating network theory and team identification," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 176-188.
    6. Jaeman Son & Stephen W. Dittmore & Younghwan Choi, 2023. "Understanding the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, Team Identification, and Behavioral Intention with the Mediating Effect of Satisfaction in Korean Professional Baseball League," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-12, May.
    7. Chen, Kenneth K. & Zhang, James J., 2011. "Examining consumer attributes associated with collegiate athletic facility naming rights sponsorship: Development of a theoretical framework," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 103-116, May.
    8. Eddy, Terry, 2014. "Measuring effects of naming-rights sponsorships on college football fans’ purchasing intentions," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 362-375.
    9. Farman Ullah & Yigang Wu & Khalid Mehmood & Fauzia Jabeen & Yaser Iftikhar & Ángel Acevedo-Duque & Ho Kwong Kwan, 2021. "Impact of Spectators’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility on Regional Attachment in Sports: Three-Wave Indirect Effects of Spectators’ Pride and Team Identification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
    10. Chen-Yueh Chen & Yi-Hsiu Lin, 2021. "Psychic Income and Intention to Attend Games, Intention to Purchase Licensed Merchandise, and Life Satisfaction: 2017 Taipei Universiade," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(2), pages 21582440211, June.
    11. Riadh Ladhari & Soumaya Cheikhrouhou & Miguel Morales & Emna Zaaboub, 2022. "Antecedents and consequences of emotional attachment to sport teams brands," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 29(5), pages 454-469, September.
    12. Abed Mahmoudian & Saeed Sadeghi Boroujerdi & Yong Jae Ko & Vahid Delshab, 2024. "The Impact of Perceived Team Reputation on Team Identification in the Context of European Football League Teams," Corporate Reputation Review, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 27(1), pages 70-85, February.
    13. Haozhou Pu & Jeeyoon Kim & Corinne Daprano, 2021. "Can Esports Substitute Traditional Sports? The Convergence of Sports and Video Gaming during the Pandemic and Beyond," Societies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, October.

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