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Extended family households among children in the United States: Differences by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status

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  • Christina J. Cross

Abstract

This study uses nationally representative longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, to examine the prevalence and predictors of extended family households among children in the United States and to explore variation by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status (SES). Findings suggest that extended family households are a common living arrangement for children, with 35 per cent of youth experiencing this family structure before age 18. Racial/ethnic and SES differences are substantial: 57 per cent of Black and 35 per cent of Hispanic children ever live in an extended family, compared with 20 per cent of White children. Further, 47 per cent of children whose parents did not finish high school spend time in an extended family, relative to 17 per cent of children whose parents earned a bachelor's degree or higher. Models of predictors show that transitions into extended families are largely a response to social and economic needs.

Suggested Citation

  • Christina J. Cross, 2018. "Extended family households among children in the United States: Differences by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status," Population Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 72(2), pages 235-251, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:235-251
    DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1468476
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    Cited by:

    1. Mary Frank Fox & Monica Gaughan, 2021. "Gender, Family and Caregiving Leave, and Advancement in Academic Science: Effects across the Life Course," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-19, June.
    2. Zohra Ansari-Thomas, 2024. "Sandwich Caregiving and Paid Work: Differences by Caregiving Intensity and Women’s Life Stage," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 43(1), pages 1-46, February.
    3. Jeehye Kang & Philip N. Cohen & Feinian Chen, 2021. "Latinx Families’ Extended Household Structures and Child Behavioral Problems across Mother’s Immigrant Status in Los Angeles," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 14(1), pages 95-116, February.
    4. R. Kelly Raley & Inbar Weiss & Robert Reynolds & Shannon E. Cavanagh, 2019. "Estimating Children’s Household Instability Between Birth and Age 18 Using Longitudinal Household Roster Data," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(5), pages 1957-1973, October.
    5. Angela Guarin & Merita Mesiäislehto & Mia Hakovirta & Molly Costanzo, 2023. "Single Mothers and Child Support in Extended-Family Households: an International Perspective," LIS Working papers 868, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    6. Guarin, Angela, 2021. "Three-generation households in the U.S.: The first exit after a child’s birth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    7. Natasha V. Pilkauskas & Mariana Amorim & Rachel E. Dunifon, 2020. "Historical Trends in Children Living in Multigenerational Households in the United States: 1870–2018," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2269-2296, December.
    8. Jan E. Mutchler & Nidya Velasco Roldán, 2023. "Economic Resources Shaping Grandparent Responsibility Within Three-Generation Households," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 461-472, June.
    9. Mindy Steadman & Bethany G. Everett & Claudia Geist, 2024. "Coresidence with Grandparents and Children’s Socioemotional Health in Kindergarten," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 43(3), pages 1-35, June.
    10. Clara E. Jace & Christos A. Makridis, 2021. "Does marriage protect mental health? Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 102(6), pages 2499-2515, November.
    11. Lawrence Berger & Maria Cancian & Marcia J. Carlson & Daniel R. Meyer & Quentin Riser & Nora Cate Schaeffer, 2024. "Defining the ‘Resource Unit’ for Poverty Measurement in Complex Contemporary Households: It’s Complicated," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 43(2), pages 1-30, April.

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