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‘Between the devil and the Bay of Bengal’: the Ford Foundation and the politics of planning in post-Independence Calcutta

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  • Andrew Rumbach

Abstract

From 1960–1973, the Ford Foundation and the Calcutta Metropolitan Planning Organization (CMPO) engaged in a unique partnership that produced the Basic Development Plan, a bold strategy for the development of the world’s ‘most troubled city.’ The Ford-CMPO partnership brought together leading planning experts from the United States and India and resulted in innovative and abortive development plans and programmes, and was beset by the economic and political crises that came to define post-Independence Calcutta. This paper provides a detailed history of the Ford-CMPO partnership and highlights the myriad of political dilemmas that challenged the project and that provide a window in the politics of planning and urban development in post-Independence India.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew Rumbach, 2021. "‘Between the devil and the Bay of Bengal’: the Ford Foundation and the politics of planning in post-Independence Calcutta," Planning Perspectives, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(5), pages 1025-1051, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rppexx:v:36:y:2021:i:5:p:1025-1051
    DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2021.1897032
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