Postmodernism and socialist mass housing in Poland

In the 1970s and 1980 architects and planners in socialist Poland increasingly attempted to defy the inflexible structure of the state-operated construction industry and modify the by-now ubiquitous system-built mass housing blocks. These efforts generated housing complexes that took up postmodern principles—visually harmonic, legible, and at the same time meaningful urban spaces modelled after historical typologies. On the basis of archival documents, contemporaneous publications, and interviews with the protagonists this article analyses three examples: Radogoszcz-East in Łódź (1979–1989, designed by Jakub Wujek, Zdzisław Lipski, and Andrzej Owczarek), Różany Potok in Poznań (1978–2010s, designed by Marian Fikus and Jerzy Gurawski) and the Na Skarpie Scheme in Kraków-Nowa Huta (1987–95, designed by Romuald Loegler, Wojciech Dobrzański, Ewa Fitzke, and Michał Szymanowski). The article argues that these housing complexes first evolved from late modernist ideas, in particular structuralist currents, and only at a later stage absorbed postmodern theory from both domestic and international sources. It also points to individual architects and planners as the driving forces in the struggle between artistic innovation and systemic inertia, who were able to take advantage of unexpected latitude within the declining socialist regime to carry out their proposals.