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Does income inequality affect environmental sustainability? Evidence from the ASEAN-5

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  • Muhammad Mehedi Masud
  • Fatimah Binti Kari
  • Hasanul Banna
  • Md. Khaled Saifullah

Abstract

Income gap among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has widened, while environment degradation has worsened since the 1990s. Using the Gini coefficient as a measure of income inequality, this paper attempts to examine whether the increasing income gap would have adverse effects on environmental sustainability and the causality relationship between income inequality and environmental sustainability. Using data from the World Bank and the Standardized World Income Inequality Database, this paper deployed the Granger causality and panel regression tests to examine these relationships on the ASEAN members of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam over the period of 1985–2015. The empirical results indicate that bi-directional causality relationship between income inequality and environmental sustainability exists among the bottom 40%, but the causality relationship results for the overall sample are mixed. The evidence shows that policy-makers in these countries should reduce income inequality to strengthen environmental sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Mehedi Masud & Fatimah Binti Kari & Hasanul Banna & Md. Khaled Saifullah, 2018. "Does income inequality affect environmental sustainability? Evidence from the ASEAN-5," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 213-228, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rjapxx:v:23:y:2018:i:2:p:213-228
    DOI: 10.1080/13547860.2018.1442146
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    Cited by:

    1. Suwatchai Denfanapapol & Prasongchai Setthasuravich & Surapong Rattanakul & Aphisit Pukdeewut & Hironori Kato, 2024. "The Digital Divide, Wealth, and Inequality: An Examination of Socio-Economic Determinants of Collaborative Environmental Governance in Thailand through Provincial-Level Panel Data Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-22, May.
    2. Ullah, Saif & Nobanee, Haitham & Iftikhar, Huma, 2023. "Global financial integration, governance-by-technology, and green growth," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    3. Nurrachmi, Rininta & Duasa, Jarita & ariffin, muhammad irwan & afroz, rafia, 2024. "The Nexus Between Income Inequality and Environmental Degradation in ASEAN-6 Countries During 1992 – 2015 from Islamic Perspective," MPRA Paper 121513, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Vu Minh Hieu, 2022. "Influence of Green Investment, Environmental Tax and Sustainable Environment: Evidence from ASEAN Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(3), pages 227-235, May.
    5. Wan, Guanghua & Wang, Chen & Wang, Jinxian & Zhang, Xun, 2022. "The income inequality-CO2 emissions nexus: Transmission mechanisms," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    6. Zhang, Rui & Sharma, Rajesh & Tan, Zhixiong & Kautish, Pradeep, 2022. "Do export diversification and stock market development drive carbon intensity? The role of renewable energy solutions in top carbon emitter countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1318-1328.

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