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Politics, Institutions and Regional Restructuring Processes: From Managed Growth to Planned Fragmentation in the Reconversion of Belgium's Last Coal Mining Region

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  • Guy Baeten
  • Erik Swyngedouw
  • Louis Albrechts

Abstract

BAETEN G., SWYNGEDOUW E. and ALBRECHTS L. (1999) Politics, institutions and regional restructuring processes: from managed growth to planned fragmentation in the reconversion of Belgium's last coal mining region, Reg. Studies 33 , 247-258. Taking the example of the contested closure of Belgium's last coal mines in the Province of Limburg and the subsequent tumultuous attempts to reconvert the region's economic base, the paper assesses the importance of the political armature in structuring processes of regional change under conditions of prolonged economic stress. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between supra-national (European) programmes and the negotiation of these with regional institutional power configurations, resulting in a new articulation of European and local scales of governance. In the first part, we shall summarize the recent political-economic history of Limburg and indicate the role of hegemonic political apparatuses in shaping development trajectories. In a second part, we shall detail the more recent epochal changes that have changed the political-institutional framework in decisive ways and altered the economic restructuring process. We shall assess the functioning of the recently evaluated First Programme (1989-93). Finally, we shall suggest why the Second Programme (1994-98) has been so unsuccessful in meeting its objectives. We conclude that a regional analysis and planning that ignores the subtleties of power relations, their institutional configuration and shifting power geometries will invariably fail to account for or influence regional socio-economic development paths. BAETEN G., SWYNGEDOUW E. et ALBRECHTS L. (1999) Politique, institutions et processus de restructuration regionale: de la notion de croissance dirigee a celle du morcellement planifie, etude de cas de la reconversion de la derniere region miniere belge, Reg. Studies 33 , 247-258. A partir de l'etude de cas de la fermeture controversee des dernieres mines belges situees dans le Limbourg et etant donne les tentatives tumultueuses ulterieures afin de reconvertir la base economique de la region, cet article cherche a evaluer l'importance du cadre politique dans la structuration du developpement regional sous des conditions de tension economique prolongee. On porte une attention particuliere au rapport entre les programmes supranationaux (voire europeens) et la negociation de ces derniers avec des pouvoirs institutionnels regionaux, ce qui resulte en une nouvelle articulation des niveaux de gouvernement europeen et local. La premiere partie fait le resume de l'histoire politico-economique recente du Limbourg et montre le role des structures politiques hegemoniques dans la determination des trajectoires de developpement. La deuxieme partie expose en detail les developpements marquants plus recents qui ont change le cadre politico-institutionnel de facon concluante et ont modifie le processus de restructuration economique. On fait le bilan du fonctionnement du Premier Programme (de 1989 a 1993), qui a ete evalue recemment. La derniere partie cherche a expliquer pourquoi le Deuxieme Programme (de 1994 a 1998) n'a pas reussi a atteindre ses objectifs. En guise de conclusion on affirme qu'aucunes analyse et planification regionales qui ne tiennent compte des complexites ni de la repartition du pouvoir, ni de la structure institutionnelle du pouvoir, ni du glissement de la geometrie du pouvoir, finiront ineluctablement par manquer d'expliquer ou d'influencer les sentiers de developpement socio-economique regional. BAETEN G., SWYNGEDOUW E. und ALBRECHTS L. (1999) Politik, Institutionen und regionale Umstrukrurierungsprozesse Von betreutem Wachstum zu geplanter Aufsplitterung in der Ruckwandlung des letzten belgischen Bergbaugebiets, Reg. Studies 33 , 247-258. Der Aufsatz beurteilt am Beispiel der umstrittenen Schliessung Belgiens letzter Kohlenbergwerke in der Provinz Limburg, und den darauffolgenden sturmischen Versuchen, die wirtschaftliche Grundlage der Region wieder umzuwandeln, die Bedeutung der politischen Strukturen beim Aufbau von Prozessen regionalen Wandels unter Bedingungen anhaltender wirtschaftlicher Belastung. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird der Beziehung zwischen ubernationalen (europaischen) Programmen und deren Verhandlungen mit regionalen institutionellen Machtkonstellationen gewidmet; sie fuhren zu einer neuen Artikulation europaischer und ortlicher Regierungsebenen. Der erste Teil bringt ein Resumee der jungst verflossenen wirtschaftspolitischen Geschichte Limburgs und weist auf die Rolle der hegemonischen politischen Apparate bei der Formulierung von zu beschreitenden Entwicklungsbahnen hin. Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit weniger weit zuruckliegenden Wandlungen der Epoche, die den politisch-institutionellen Rahmen entscheidend verandert und den Prozess der Umstrukturierung in andere Bahnen gelenkt haben. Die Autoren beurteilen das Funktionieren des kurzlich bewerteten Ersten Programms (1989-93). Anschliessend wird angedeutet, warum dem zweiten Programm (1994-98) so wenig Erfolg beim Erreichen seiner Ziele beschieden war. Die Autoren folgern, dass es einer Regionalanalyse und -planung, welche die feineren Nuancen von Machtverhaltnissen, ihre institutionellen Konfigurationen und sich verschiebenden Machtkonstellationen ignoriert, nie gelingen wird, regionale sozio-okonomische Entwicklungswege zu erklaren oder zu beeinflussen.

Suggested Citation

  • Guy Baeten & Erik Swyngedouw & Louis Albrechts, 1999. "Politics, Institutions and Regional Restructuring Processes: From Managed Growth to Planned Fragmentation in the Reconversion of Belgium's Last Coal Mining Region," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(3), pages 247-258.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:33:y:1999:i:3:p:247-258
    DOI: 10.1080/00343409950082436
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. K R Cox & A Mair, 1991. "From Localised Social Structures to Localities as Agents," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 23(2), pages 197-213, February.
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    1. Andy Pike & Andrew Cumbers & Stuart Dawley & Danny MacKinnon & Robert McMaster, 2015. "Doing evolution in economic geography," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1532, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Sep 2015.
    2. Jörn Harfst & Jasmin Sandriester & Wolfgang Fischer, 2021. "Industrial Heritage Tourism as a Driver of Sustainable Development? A Case Study of Steirische Eisenstrasse (Austria)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Sally A Weller, 2019. "Just transition? Strategic framing and the challenges facing coal dependent communities," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 37(2), pages 298-316, March.
    4. Nestor Shpak & Solomiya Ohinok & Ihor Kulyniak & Włodzimierz Sroka & Yuriy Fedun & Romualdas Ginevičius & Joanna Cygler, 2022. "CO 2 Emissions and Macroeconomic Indicators: Analysis of the Most Polluted Regions in the World," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-22, April.
    5. Coenen, Lars & Benneworth, Paul & Truffer, Bernhard, 2012. "Toward a spatial perspective on sustainability transitions," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 968-979.
    6. Robert Hassink & Dong-Ho Shin, 2005. "Guest Editorial," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 37(4), pages 571-580, April.
    7. Krzysztofik, Robert & Dulias, Renata & Kantor-Pietraga, Iwona & Spórna, Tomasz & Dragan, Weronika, 2020. "Paths of urban planning in a post-mining area. A case study of a former sandpit in southern Poland," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    8. Ståle Holgersen & Guy Baeten, 2016. "Beyond a Liberal Critique of ‘Trickle Down': Urban Planning in the City of Malmö," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(6), pages 1170-1185, November.
    9. Michael Webber, 2000. "Globalisation: Local Agency, the Global Economy, and Australia's Industrial Policy," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 32(7), pages 1163-1176, July.
    10. Lucian Vesalon & Remus Creţan, 2013. "Mono-industrialism and the Struggle for Alternative Development: the Case of the Roşia Montană Gold-mining Project," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 104(5), pages 539-555, December.
    11. Vaishar, Antonin & Stastna, Milada & Lipovska, Zdenka, 2010. "Possibilities for development of regions after mining: restoration of rural environment in the Czech-Saxon borderland," Rural Areas and Development, European Rural Development Network (ERDN), vol. 7, pages 1-16.

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