IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/regstd/v32y1998i3p265-280.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Area Variations in Self-perceived Limiting Long Term Illness in Britain, 1991: Is the Welsh Experience Exceptional?

Author

Listed:
  • Martyn Senior

Abstract

(Received December 1995; in revised form December 1996) SENIOR M. L. (1998) Area variations in self-perceived limiting long term illness in Britain, 1991; is the Welsh experience exceptional?, Reg. Studies 32, 265-280. The relatively high prevalence of limiting long term illness (LLTI) in Wales compared with England and Scotland is examined and largely confirmed at a variety of geographical scales. In addition, an analysis of gender differentials in age standardized LLTI ratios reveals that it is much more common in Wales for male LLTI ratios to exceed female ones. Normal theory and Poisson regressions are used to model statistically age-gender standardized LLTI at a small area level throughout the whole of Britain. Potential explanatory variables, obtained from Censuses of Population, include: current and former employment in the coal industry; unskilled and semi-skilled manual occupations as a proxy for life style; a range of deprivation measures designed to reflect lack of wealth and relatively poor housing quality; and a measure of ethnicity. Coalfield communities are also identified by dummy variables. Models using various combinations of these variables systematically mispredict LLTI by country with an overwhelming bias towards underprediction in Wales and a much smaller bias to overprediction in Scotland. Although some underpredictions of LLTI in Wales and certain parts of England (but not Scotland) are associated with coalfield areas, there is still geographically extensive underprediction throughout much of Wales. Welsh nationality and/or Welsh dummy variables are required substantially to reduce these underpredictions. This may indicate that national cultural factors have differentially influenced responses to the LLTI question in the 1991 Census by residents in Wales in particular. However, while the extent of underprediction of LLTI in Wales is exceptionally high, notable imbalances in model mispredictions, biased towards underprediction in North West England and overprediction in London and South East England, suggest that the Welsh experience of LLTI is not uniquely extreme. SENIOR M. L. (1998) Des variations geographiques dans les maladies a long terme debilitantes psychosomatiques en Grande-Bretagne en 1991, Reg. Studies 32, 265-280. La frequence relativement elevee des maladies a long terme debilitantes (limiting long term illness: LLTI) aux Pays de Galles par rapport a l'Angleterre et a l'Ecosse, se voit examiner et largement confirmer a divers niveaux geographiques. En plus, une analyse des differences entre les sexes dans les ratios LLTI, normalises en fonction de l'age, laisse voir qu'il est normal que les ratios LLTI masculins sont superieurs aux ratios LLTI feminins aux Pays de Galles. On se sert de la theorie normale et des regressions du type Poisson afin de modeliser du point de vue statistique des LLTI normalisees en fonction de l'age et des sexes au niveau des zones moins importantes a travers la Grande-Bretagne. Des variables qui risquent d'etre des explications et qui proviennent du recensement de la population, comprennent les suivantes: l'emploi actuel et anterieur dans les puits de mines, les emplois ouvriers non-qualifies et specialises en tant qu'indicateur du mode de vie, une gamme de mesures de la privation concues pour refleter le manque de richesse et la mauvaise qualitede l'habitat, et une mesure de l'ethnie. On identifie les bassins houillers a partir des variables muettes. Des modeles qui se servent de diverses combinaisons de ces variables font systematiquement des erreurs dans las prediction des LLTI par pays, notamment des sous-estimations aux Pays de Galles et des surestimations en Ecosse. Bien que certaines sous-estimations des LLTI aux Pays de Galles et dans certains coins de l'Angleterre (mais non pas en Ecosse), concernent les bassins houillers, il existe toujours sur le plan geographique une sous-estimation sensible a travers la plupart des Pays de Galles. Il faut des variables nationales et/ou muettes galloises pour reduire ces sous-estimations. Cela pourrait signaler que des facteurs culturels nationaux ont influence differemment les reponses des residents a la question relative a la LLTI au moment du recensement de la population de 1991, surtout aux Pays de Galles. Toujours est-il que, alors que l'importance de la sous-estimation de la LLTI aux Pays de Galles s'avere tres sensible, des desequilibres notables dans les erreurs des modeles, a savoir des sous-estimations dans le nord-ouest de l'Angleterre et des surestimations a Londres et dans le sud-est de l'Angleterre, laissent supposer que ce qui se passe aux Pays de Galles pour ce qui est de la LLTI n'est pas du tout exceptionnel. SENIOR M. L. (1998) Gebietsbedingte Unterschiede in selbst wahrgenommener Begrenzung langfristiger Erkrankungen in Grossbritannien im Jahre 1991, Reg. Studies 32, 265-280. Es wird die im Vergleich mit England und Schottland verhaltnismassig weite Verbreitung der Begrenzung langfristiger Erkrankungen (limiting long term illness=LLTI) in Wales untersucht und in verschiedenen geographischen Massstaben weitgehend bestatigt. Daruberhinaus zeigt die Analyse von Geschlechtsunterschieden in nach Altersgruppen standardisierten LLTI Anteilen, dass es in Wales durchaus oft vorkommt, dass LLTI Anteile der Manner die der Frauen ubertreffen. Normale Theorie und Poisson Regression werden fur nach Alter und Geschlecht standardisierte, statistische LLTI Modelle auf kleinraumlicher Ebene fur ganz Grossbritannien benutzt. Variable, die unter Umstanden Erklarungen dienlich sein konnten, wurden Volkszahlungen entnommen und enthalten: gegenwartige und fruhere Erwerbstatigkeit in der Kohlenindustrie, ungelernte und angelernte korperliche Arbeit als Ersatz fur Lebensstil; eine Reihe Entbehrungen, die Anzeichen mangelnden Wohlstands und verhaltnismassig schlechter Wohnqualitat sind, sowie Anzeichen rassischer Zugehorigkeit. Kohlenbergbaugemeinden werden auch durch unechte Variable identifiziert. Modelle, die verschiedenartige Kombinationen solcher Variablen benutzen, zeigen von Land zu Land systematische Fehlvoraussagen fur LLTI auf, wobei in Wales eine uberwaltigend hohe Neigung zu Unterschatzungen der Vorhersage festzustellen ist, wahrend in Schottland eine sehr viel geringere Neigung zur Uberschatzung der Vorhersage zu verzeichnen ist. Obschon diese Unterschatzungen der Vorhersage von LLTI in Wales und bestimmten Teilen Englands (jedoch nicht in Schottland) in Kohlenbergbaugebieten auftreten, gibt es noch geographisch weit verbreitete Unterschatzungen der Vorhersage in vielen Gebieten von Wales. Waliser National- und/oder Waliser Ersatzvariable werden im Wesentlichen dazu benutzt, diese Unterschatzungen abzubauen. Dies konnte ein Anzeichen dafur sein, dass in der Volkszahlung vom Jahre 1991 Faktoren der Nationalkultur besonders die Antworten von in Wales ansassigen Personen auf LLTI bezugliche Fragen beeinflusst hatten. Das Ausmass der Unterschatzung der LLTI ist zwar aussergewohnlich hoch, doch bemerkenswerte Unterschiede in Modellvorhersagen, die zu Unterschatzung in NW England neigen und zu Uberschatzung in London und SE England, legen nahe, dass die Erfahrung mit LLTI in Wales nicht einzigartig extrem ausfiel.

Suggested Citation

  • Martyn Senior, 1998. "Area Variations in Self-perceived Limiting Long Term Illness in Britain, 1991: Is the Welsh Experience Exceptional?," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(3), pages 265-280.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:32:y:1998:i:3:p:265-280
    DOI: 10.1080/713693455
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713693455
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1080/713693455?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. O'Reilly, Dermot & Rosato, Michael, 2010. "Dissonances in self-reported health and mortality across denominational groups in Northern Ireland," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(5), pages 1011-1017, September.
    2. Rees, Philip Howell & Wohland, Pia N. & Norman, Paul D., 2009. "The estimation of mortality for ethnic groups at local scale within the United Kingdom," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 1592-1607, December.
    3. G Higgs & M L Senior & H C W L Williams, 1998. "Spatial and Temporal Variation of Mortality and Deprivation 1: Widening Health Inequalities," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 30(9), pages 1661-1682, September.
    4. Thomas Plümper & Denise Laroze & Eric Neumayer, 2018. "Regional inequalities in premature mortality in Great Britain," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Wilding, Sam & Martin, David & Moon, Graham, 2016. "The impact of limiting long term illness on internal migration in England and Wales: New evidence from census microdata," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 107-115.
    6. David M. Wright & Michael Rosato & Dermot O’Reilly, 2017. "Which long-term illnesses do patients find most limiting? A census-based cross-sectional study of 340,000 people," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(8), pages 939-947, November.
    7. Kingsley Purdam & Mark Elliot, 2007. "A Case Study of the Impact of Statistical Disclosure Control on Data Quality in the Individual UK Samples of Anonymised Records," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 39(5), pages 1101-1118, May.
    8. Dearden, Emily K. & Lloyd, Christopher D. & Catney, Gemma, 2019. "A spatial analysis of health status in Britain, 1991–2011," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 340-352.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:32:y:1998:i:3:p:265-280. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Longhurst (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.tandfonline.com/CRES20 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.