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Scale Effects in International Migration to the United States

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  • W. A. V. Clark

Abstract

CLARK W. A. V. (1996) Scale effects in international migration to the United States, Reg. Studies 30, 589-600. The literature on international migration is voluminous and increasing rapidly, but the research to date has paid much less attention to issues of regional variability in the flows, than to the flows themselves. Most studies simply note the concentrated nature of immigration to a few states, principally to California, New York and Florida. This paper adds considerable detail to the geographic concentration of flows by examining the variation in the characteristics of the flows to the largest immigrant states. The flows are analysed by country of origin and by age, skill levels and labour force participation. The paper also examines flows at a finer scale to counties within the largest receiving state, California. Just as across states in the United States, the variations across counties within California create disproportionate effects on particular localities. The paper documents the range of regional and local variation and argues that the scale effects are likely to increase because future flows are more likely to be dominated by network flows than by employment opportunities. CLARK W. A. V. (1996) Les effets d'echelle de la migration internationale a destination des Etats-Unis, Reg. Studies 30, 589-600. La documentation au sujet de la migration internationale est volumineuse et s'accroit rapidement. Toujours est-il que jusqu'ici la recherche porte beaucoup moins sur la question de la variation regionale des flux que sur les flux eux-memes. La plupart des etudes notent simplement la concentration de l'immigration au sein de quelques eats, notamment dans la Californie, l'etat de New York et la Floride. Cet article entre dans plus de detail au sujet de la concentration geographique des flux en examinant la variation des caracter-istiques des flux a destination des etats ou les immigres sont les plus nombreux. Les flux se voient analyser suivant le pays d'origine et par tranche d'age habilites et taux d'activite. L'article examine aussi a plus petite echelle les flux a destination des comtes au sein de la zone d'accueil la plus importante, a savoir la Californie. Comme c'etait le cas a travers les etats aux Etats-Unis, les variations a travers les comtes au sein de la Californie creent des effets disproportionnes sur des endroits particuliers. L'article decrit l'eventail de la variation regionale et locale et raisonne que les effets d'echelle risquent d'augmenter parce que les flux futurs sont plus susceptibles d'etre predomines par des flux en reseaux que par des possibilities d'emploi. CLARK W. A. V. (1996) Auswirkungen des Ausmasses der internationalen Einwanderung in die Vereinigten Staaten, Reg. Studies 30, 589-600. Die Literatur uber internationale Einwanderung ist umfangreich und nimmt rapide zu, doch die Forschung hat bisher Fragen der regionalen Variabilitat der Strome weit weniger Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt als den Stromungen selbst. Die meisten Studien stellen einfach fest, dass die Entwanderung sich auf einige wenige Staaten konzentriert, hauptsachlich auf Kalifornien, New York und Florida. Dieser Aufsatz bringt bedeutsame Einzelheiten der geographischen Konzentration der Strome, indem er Abwei-chungen von den charakerischen Merkmalen der Strome in die Staaten mit den hochsten Einwandererzahlen untersucht. Die Strome werden nach Herkunftsland und Alter, nach dem Niveau der Fahigkeiten und der Eingliederung in den Arbeitsmarkt analysiert. Daruberhinaus wendet die Studie sich in kleinerem Massstab auch an die Provinzen Kaliforniens, dem groten der Aufnehmerstaaten. In den Staaten der Vereinigten Staaten verursachen die Abweichungen an einzelnen Orten die gleichen, unverhaltnismassig starken Auswirkungen wie in den Staaten der Vereingten Staaten. Der Aufsatz stellt eine Reihe regionaler und lokaler Abweichungen fest, und vertritt den Standpunkt, dass das Ausmass der Auswirkungen vermutlich weiter zunehmen wird, weil kunftige Strome wahrscheinlich eher von Netzwerkstromungen als von Arbeitsgelegenheiten bestimmt werden.

Suggested Citation

  • W. A. V. Clark, 1996. "Scale Effects in International Migration to the United States," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(6), pages 589-600.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:30:y:1996:i:6:p:589-600
    DOI: 10.1080/00343409612331349888
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. B Waldorf, 1996. "The Internal Dynamic of International Migration Systems," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 28(4), pages 631-650, April.
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    1. Rephann, Terance & Vencatasawmy, Coomaren, 1999. "Determinants of the Spatial Mobility of Immigrants in Sweden," ERSA conference papers ersa99pa272, European Regional Science Association.
    2. Rephann, Terance J. & Vencatasawmy, Coomaren P, 2000. "Determinants of the Spatial Mobility of Immigrants: Evidence from Sweden," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, vol. 30(2), pages 189-213, Fall.
    3. Carola Méndez Araya & Marcelo Lufin Varas, 2013. "¿Dónde están los inmigrantes en Chile?: Un análisis de Patrones Espaciales de Residencia por Municipalidades," Documentos de Trabajo en Economia y Ciencia Regional 38, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Chile, Department of Economics, revised Mar 2013.
    4. José María Martín Martín & Juan De Dios Jiménez Aguilera, 2017. "Socioeconomic Factors of Immigrants’ Location Choices. Evidence for the South of Europe," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-14, May.
    5. Patrick Rérat, 2012. "The New Demographic Growth of Cities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(5), pages 1107-1125, April.
    6. Marcello Marini & Ndaona Chokani & Reza S. Abhari, 2019. "Agent-Based Model Analysis of Impact of Immigration on Switzerland’s Social Security," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 787-808, August.

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