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How Neighborhood Effect Averaging Might Affect Assessment of Individual Exposures to Air Pollution: A Study of Ozone Exposures in Los Angeles

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  • Junghwan Kim
  • Mei-Po Kwan

Abstract

The neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) can be a serious methodological problem that leads to erroneous assessments when studying mobility-dependent exposures (e.g., air or noise pollution) because people’s daily mobility could amplify or attenuate the exposures they experienced in their residential neighborhoods. Specifically, the NEAP suggests that individuals’ mobility-based exposures tend toward the mean level of the participants or population of a study area when compared to their residence-based exposures. This research provides an in-depth examination of the NEAP and how the NEAP is associated with people’s daily mobility through an assessment of individual exposures to ground-level ozone using the activity-travel diary data of 2,737 individuals collected in the Los Angeles metropolitan statistical area. The results obtained with exploratory analysis (e.g., a scatterplot and histograms) and spatial regression models indicate that the NEAP exists when assessing individual exposures to ozone in the study area. Further, high-income, employed, younger, and male participants (when compared to low-income, nonworking, older, and female participants) are associated with higher levels of neighborhood effect averaging because of their higher levels of daily mobility. Finally, three-dimensional interactive geovisualizations of the space-time paths and hourly ozone exposures of seventy-one selected participants who live in the same neighborhood corroborate the findings obtained from the spatial regression analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Junghwan Kim & Mei-Po Kwan, 2021. "How Neighborhood Effect Averaging Might Affect Assessment of Individual Exposures to Air Pollution: A Study of Ozone Exposures in Los Angeles," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 111(1), pages 121-140, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:raagxx:v:111:y:2021:i:1:p:121-140
    DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2020.1756208
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    Cited by:

    1. Kan, Zihan & Kwan, Mei-Po & Liu, Dong & Tang, Luliang & Chen, Yang & Fang, Mengyuan, 2022. "Assessing individual activity-related exposures to traffic congestion using GPS trajectory data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    2. Liu, Dong & Kwan, Mei-Po & Kan, Zihan & Liu, Yang, 2023. "Examining individual-level tri-exposure to greenspace and air/noise pollution using individual-level GPS-based real-time sensing data," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    3. Dong Liu & Mei-Po Kwan & Zihan Kan & Jianying Wang, 2022. "Toward a Healthy Urban Living Environment: Assessing 15-Minute Green-Blue Space Accessibility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-12, December.

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