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The Legacy Effect: Understanding How Segregation and Environmental Injustice Unfold over Time in Baltimore

Author

Listed:
  • Morgan Grove
  • Laura Ogden
  • Steward Pickett
  • Chris Boone
  • Geoff Buckley
  • Dexter H. Locke
  • Charlie Lord
  • Billy Hall

Abstract

Legacies of social and environmental injustices can leave an imprint on the present and constrain transitions for more sustainable futures. In this article, we ask this question: What is the relationship of environmental inequality and histories of segregation? The answer for Baltimore is complex, where past practices of de jure and de facto segregation have created social and environmental legacies that persist on the landscape today. To answer this question, we examine the interactions among past and current environmental injustices in Baltimore from the late 1880s to the present using nearly twenty years of social and environmental justice research from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES), a long-term social–ecological research project. Our research demonstrates that patterns and procedures in the city's early history of formal and informal segregation, followed by “redlining” in the 1930s, have left indelible patterns of social and environmental inequalities. These patterns are manifest in the distribution of environmental disamenities such as polluting industries, urban heat islands, and vulnerability to flooding, and they are also evident in the distribution of environmental amenities such as parks and trees. Further, our work shows how these legacies are complicated by changing perceptions of what counts as an environmental disamenity and amenity. Ultimately, we argue that the interactions among historical patterns, processes, and procedures over the long term are crucial for understanding environmental injustices of the past and present and for constructing sustainable cities for the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Morgan Grove & Laura Ogden & Steward Pickett & Chris Boone & Geoff Buckley & Dexter H. Locke & Charlie Lord & Billy Hall, 2018. "The Legacy Effect: Understanding How Segregation and Environmental Injustice Unfold over Time in Baltimore," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 108(2), pages 524-537, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:raagxx:v:108:y:2018:i:2:p:524-537
    DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2017.1365585
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    Cited by:

    1. Gabrielle Linscott & Andrea Rishworth & Brian King & Mikael P. Hiestand, 2022. "Uneven experiences of urban flooding: examining the 2010 Nashville flood," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(1), pages 629-653, January.
    2. Andre M. Eanes & Todd R. Lookingbill & Jeremy S. Hoffman & Kelly C. Saverino & Stephen S. Fong, 2020. "Assessing Inequitable Urban Heat Islands and Air Pollution Disparities with Low-Cost Sensors in Richmond, Virginia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Stephanie Panlasigui & Erica Spotswood & Erin Beller & Robin Grossinger, 2021. "Biophilia beyond the Building: Applying the Tools of Urban Biodiversity Planning to Create Biophilic Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Sarah Chard & Laura Girling & Brandy Harris‐Wallace & Loren Henderson & Erin G. Roth & J. Kevin Eckert, 2022. "“Here it was waiting for me:” Diabetes Diagnosis Pathways and Implications for Health Policy," Journal of Elder Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(2), pages 111-140, September.
    5. Scott Markley, 2024. "Federal ‘redlining’ maps: A critical reappraisal," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 61(2), pages 195-213, February.
    6. Sergio Joseph Rey & Elijah Knaap, 2024. "The Legacy of Redlining: A Spatial Dynamics Perspective," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 47(1), pages 3-44, January.
    7. Venter, Zander S. & Barton, David N. & Martinez-Izquierdo, Laura & Langemeyer, Johannes & Baró, Francesc & McPhearson, Timon, 2021. "Interactive spatial planning of urban green infrastructure – Retrofitting green roofs where ecosystem services are most needed in Oslo," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    8. Scott, Ryan P. & Scott, Tyler A. & Greer, Robert A., 2019. "The environmental and safety performance of gas utilities in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    9. Lara A. Roman & Indigo J. Catton & Eric J. Greenfield & Hamil Pearsall & Theodore S. Eisenman & Jason G. Henning, 2021. "Linking Urban Tree Cover Change and Local History in a Post-Industrial City," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-30, April.
    10. Namin, S. & Xu, W. & Zhou, Y. & Beyer, K., 2020. "The legacy of the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation and the political ecology of urban trees and air pollution in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    11. Lee, Eun Kyung & Donley, Gwendolyn & Ciesielski, Timothy H. & Gill, India & Yamoah, Owusua & Roche, Abigail & Martinez, Roberto & Freedman, Darcy A., 2022. "Health outcomes in redlined versus non-redlined neighborhoods: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).

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