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Trade openness and economic growth in Botswana: Evidence from cointegration and error-correction modelling

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  • Malefa Rose Malefane
  • Mariam Camarero

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the dynamic impact of trade openness on economic growth in Botswana using the ARDL bounds testing approach. The study employs four different proxies for trade openness, which include trade-based measures and a composite index. The trade-based measures capture the effects of total trade, exports, and imports while the composite index takes country size and geography into account. The use of four different indicators in this study enables a broader analysis of how different forms of trade openness affect economic growth. Evidence from the results points to the significance of total trade and exports in promoting economic growth in Botswana, but also the lack of growth impetus from imports. Specifically, the results reveal that when the ratio of total trade to GDP, the ratio of exports to GDP, and the trade openness index are used as proxies of trade openness, then trade openness has a significant, positive impact on economic growth in both the short run and the long run. However, when the ratio of imports to GDP is used as a proxy for openness, the study fails to find any significant impact of trade openness on economic growth in both the short run and the long run. Based on these findings, this study recommends that Botswana should pursue policies that boost the exports and total trade. However, there is a need for the country to revisit its combination of imports to enable significant growth-enhancing effects from the imports sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Malefa Rose Malefane & Mariam Camarero, 2020. "Trade openness and economic growth in Botswana: Evidence from cointegration and error-correction modelling," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(1), pages 1783878-178, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:oaefxx:v:8:y:2020:i:1:p:1783878
    DOI: 10.1080/23322039.2020.1783878
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    Cited by:

    1. Elhassan Tomader, 2023. "Economic and Environmental Sustainability through Trade Openness and Energy Production," Business Systems Research, Sciendo, vol. 14(2), pages 102-123, December.
    2. Asra Jabbar & Iftikha Ahmad & Dr. Ayesha Sultan & Javed Iqbal, 2024. "The Impact of Financial Development and Trade Openness on Economic Growth: Time Series Evidence from Luxembourg," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(1), pages 730-735.
    3. Larissa Batrancea & Malar Mozhi Rathnaswamy & Ioan Batrancea, 2021. "A Panel Data Analysis of Economic Growth Determinants in 34 African Countries," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Achouak Barguellil, 2021. "The Asymmetric Indirect Impact of Real Exchange Rate on Economic Growth through Foreign Trade: An Asymmetric ARDL Panel Model," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 11(8), pages 658-671, August.
    5. Bolor Khurelchuluun & Liang Cao & Wenshou Yan, 2023. "The Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in Landlocked Developing Countries," International Journal of Science and Business, IJSAB International, vol. 28(1), pages 84-97.

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