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Foreign direct investment and customs union: Incentives for multilateral tariff cooperation over free trade

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  • Halis M. Yildiz

Abstract

The present article examines the implications of a customs union (CU) on the pattern of tariffs, welfare and the prospects for free trade when the non-member firm has an incentive to engage in foreign direct investment (FDI). First, I show that upon the formation of a bilateral CU, the non-member firm has greater incentives to engage in FDI. However, when FDI becomes a feasible entry option for the non- member firm under a CU, member countries have incentives to strategically induce export over FDI by lowering their joint external tariff. When fixed set-up cost of FDI is sufficiently low, this tariff falls below Kemp--Wan tariff and CU leads to a Pareto improvement relative to no agreement. Moreover, using an infinite repetition of the one-shot tariff game under a CU, I show that the presence of FDI incentive of the non-member firm makes the member countries more willing to cooperate multilaterally over free trade while the opposite is true for the non-member country. Finally, I find that, unless fixed cost of having an additional plant is sufficiently low, multilateral cooperation over free trade is easier to sustain when FDI incentive is present.

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  • Halis M. Yildiz, 2013. "Foreign direct investment and customs union: Incentives for multilateral tariff cooperation over free trade," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(2), pages 298-316, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jitecd:v:22:y:2013:i:2:p:298-316
    DOI: 10.1080/09638199.2011.558208
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    Cited by:

    1. Pritish K. Sahu, 2016. "Malaysia's Domestic Value Added Export: The Role of Governance and Strategic Policy Reforms," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(4), pages 1578-1584.

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    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation

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