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Opposition to the Designation of Protected Areas in Germany

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  • Susanne Stoll-Kleemann

Abstract

Opposition to the establishment of nature protection areas in Germany is widespread and growing to the point where any designation is becoming increasingly difficult to implement. This paper seeks to make explicit how and why that opposition has arisen. It draws on two socio-psychological theories, namely the social identity theory and the theory of psychological reactance, to provide an explanation. The analysis shows that many motivations are involved, even for the same individuals. Popular resistance does appear to create group solidarities and to reinforce insular attitudes. These outcomes in socio-psychological behaviour in turn create serious misunderstandings between protagonists and antagonists. The paper concludes by discussing possible ways for reconciling different outlooks, and for reinterpreting prejudices, by introducing more reliable forms of effective partnerships between proponents and possible opponents.

Suggested Citation

  • Susanne Stoll-Kleemann, 2001. "Opposition to the Designation of Protected Areas in Germany," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(1), pages 109-128.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jenpmg:v:44:y:2001:i:1:p:109-128
    DOI: 10.1080/09640560123606
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    Cited by:

    1. Hubert Job & Sarah Bittlingmaier & Marius Mayer & Eick von Ruschkowski & Manuel Woltering, 2021. "Park–People Relationships: The Socioeconomic Monitoring of National Parks in Bavaria, Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-27, August.
    2. Mikusiński, Grzegorz & Niedziałkowski, Krzysztof, 2020. "Perceived importance of ecosystem services in the Białowieża Forest for local communities – Does proximity matter?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    3. Marian Kachniarz, 2024. "Global Gain, but Local Loss—National Park and Municipal Revenues in Poland," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Niemela, Jari & Young, Juliette & Alard, Didier & Askasibar, Miren & Henle, Klaus & Johnson, Richard & Kurttila, Mikko & Larsson, Tor-Bjorn & Matouch, Simone & Nowicki, Peter & Paiva, Rosa & Portoghes, 2005. "Identifying, managing and monitoring conflicts between forest biodiversity conservation and other human interests in Europe," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(6), pages 877-890, November.
    5. Marcondes G. Coelho-Junior & Athila L. de Oliveira & Eduardo C. da Silva-Neto & Thayanne C. Castor-Neto & Ana A. de O. Tavares & Vanessa M. Basso & Ana P. D. Turetta & Patricia E. Perkins & Acacio G. , 2021. "Exploring Plural Values of Ecosystem Services: Local Peoples’ Perceptions and Implications for Protected Area Management in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-19, January.
    6. I. De Meo & F. Brescancin & A. Graziani & A. Paletto, 2016. "Management of Natura 2000 sites in Italy: An exploratory study on stakeholders' opinions," Journal of Forest Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 62(11), pages 511-520.
    7. Brescancin, Flavia & Dobšinská, Zuzana & De Meo, Isabella & Šálka, Jaroslav & Paletto, Alessandro, 2018. "Analysis of stakeholders' involvement in the implementation of the Natura 2000 network in Slovakia," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 22-30.
    8. Kovács, Eszter & Kelemen, Eszter & Kalóczkai, Ágnes & Margóczi, Katalin & Pataki, György & Gébert, Judit & Málovics, György & Balázs, Bálint & Roboz, Ágnes & Krasznai Kovács, Eszter & Mihók, Barbara, 2015. "Understanding the links between ecosystem service trade-offs and conflicts in protected areas," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 12(C), pages 117-127.

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