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Financial development, control of corruption and income inequality

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  • Samuel Adams
  • Edem Kwame Mensah Klobodu

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of financial development and control of corruption on income inequality in 21 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1985–2011 using the pooled mean group (PMG) estimator. The empirical results show that financial development measures have positive impact on income inequality, which suggest that financial development increases income inequality. On the other hand, the coefficients of control of corruption are negative and significantly related to income inequality which implies that corruption control reduces income inequality. Further, the interaction of the financial development and the control of corruption is found to be negatively and significantly related to income inequality. Equally the interaction of the financial development and transparency index (an alternate measure of corruptibility) is found to be negatively and significantly related to income inequality. These findings suggest that the control of corruption and transparency in governance are crucial in reducing income inequality in SSA.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel Adams & Edem Kwame Mensah Klobodu, 2016. "Financial development, control of corruption and income inequality," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(6), pages 790-808, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:irapec:v:30:y:2016:i:6:p:790-808
    DOI: 10.1080/02692171.2016.1208740
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    1. Baliamoune-Lutz, Mina & Lutz, Stefan H., 2004. "Rural-urban inequality in Africa: A panel study of the effects of trade liberalization and financial deepening," ZEI Working Papers B 06-2004, University of Bonn, ZEI - Center for European Integration Studies.
    2. Pesaran, M. H. & Shin, Y. & Smith, R. P., 1997. "Pooled Estimation of Long-run Relationships in Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9721, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    3. Enowbi Batuo, Michael & Guidi, Francesco & Mlambo, Kupukile, 2010. "Financial Development and Income Inequality: Evidence from African Countries," MPRA Paper 25658, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    Cited by:

    1. Meniago, Christelle & Asongu, Simplice A., 2018. "Revisiting the finance-inequality nexus in a panel of African countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 399-419.
    2. Valentine Soumtang Bime & Itchoko Motande Mondjeli Mwa Ndjokou, 2023. "Does institutional quality matter in financial development and income inequality nexus? new evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 43(3), pages 1395-1410.
    3. Sher Khan, 2022. "Investigating the Effect of Income Inequality on Corruption: New Evidence from 23 Emerging Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(3), pages 2100-2126, September.
    4. Isaac K. Ofori & Emmanuel Gbolonyo & Marcel A. T. Dossou & Richard K. Nkrumah, 2022. "Remittances and Income Inequality in Africa: Financial Development Thresholds for Economic Policy," Working Papers 22/035, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    5. Szczepaniak, Małgorzata & Geise, Andrzej & Bariyah, Nurul, 2022. "Impact of institutional determinants on income inequalities in Indonesia during the Era Reformasi," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    6. Samuel Adams & Edem Kwame Mensah Klobodu, 2019. "Urbanization, Economic Structure, Political Regime, and Income Inequality," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 142(3), pages 971-995, April.
    7. Prao Yao Séraphin & Kongoza Kouassi Cyrille, 2023. "Nonlinear Effect of Financial Development on Income Inequality: The Case of Ivory Coast," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 17(6), pages 1-57, February.
    8. Ofori, Isaac K. & Dossou, Marcel A.M. & Asongu, Simplice A. & Armah, Mark K., 2023. "Bridging Africa’s income inequality gap: How relevant is China’s outward FDI to Africa?," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(1).
    9. A. O Olohunlana & R. O. S Dauda, 2019. "Implications of financial development on poverty and inequality: Evidence from Nigeria," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, vol. 22(71), pages 42-59, March.
    10. Ahmed, Walid M.A., 2020. "Corruption and equity market performance: International comparative evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    11. Carolyn Chisadza & Mduduzi Biyase, 2023. "Financial Development and Income Inequality: Evidence From Advanced, Emerging and Developing Economies," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 18(01), pages 1-27, March.
    12. Oluwarotimi Ayokunnu Owolabi & Mercy Chidera Omeire & Blessing Onyinyechi Okwudire & Oluwemimo Tomisin Bolujoko, 2024. "Education, Electricity Access, and Income Inequality in Nigeria," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(5), pages 149-161, September.
    13. Biruk Birhanu Ashenafi & Yan Dong, 2022. "Financial Inclusion, Fintech, and Income Inequality in Africa," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 1(4), pages 1-12, November.
    14. Mark Edem Kunawotor & Godfred Alufar Bokpin & Charles Barnor, 2020. "Drivers of income inequality in Africa: Does institutional quality matter?," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(4), pages 718-729, December.
    15. Biruk B. Ashenafi & Dong Yan, 2023. "Financial intermediation, inclusion, Fintech, and income inequality in Africa: Robust evidence from the supply and demand side data," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 52(2), July.
    16. Beauclair Atadouanla Segning & Constant Fouopi Djiogap & Serge Mandiefe Piabuo & Elie Ngasseu Noupie, 2024. "Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Taking Socio-Cultural Particularities into Account," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 7307-7330, June.
    17. Isaac K. Ofori & Toyo A. M. Dossou & Simplice A. Asongu & Mark K. Armah, 2021. "Bridging Africa’s Income Inequality Gap: How Relevant Is China’s Outward FDI to Africa?," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 21/098, African Governance and Development Institute..
    18. Ufere, Nnaoke & Gaskin, James & Perelli, Sheri & Somers, Antoinette & Boland, Richard, 2020. "Why is bribery pervasive among firms in sub-Saharan African countries? Multi-industry empirical evidence of organizational isomorphism," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 92-104.
    19. Festus Fatai Adedoyin & Festus Victor Bekun & Kayode Kolawole Eluwole & Samuel Adams, 2022. "Modelling the Nexus between Financial Development, FDI, and CO 2 Emission: Does Institutional Quality Matter?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-17, October.
    20. Roya Taherifar & Mark J. Holmes & Gazi M. Hassan, 2023. "Does economic openness matter in the impact of financial development on income inequality?," Working Papers in Economics 23/04, University of Waikato.
    21. Acheampong, Alex O. & Dzator, Janet & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2021. "Empowering the powerless: Does access to energy improve income inequality?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    22. Lawrence Adu Asamoah, 2021. "Institutional Quality and Income Inequality in Developing Countries: A Dynamic Panel Threshold Analysis," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 21(2), pages 123-143, April.

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