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What makes community reinvestment act agreements work? A study of lender responses

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  • Raphael Bostic
  • Breck Robinson

Abstract

One response to the incentives provided by the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (CRA) has been for lenders and community groups to enter into CRA agreements, which involve pledges to provide prescribed levels of service to targeted neighborhoods. This article examines whether lenders actually change their behavior after entering into these agreements. Using data on CRA agreements and on mortgage lending, we find that institutions increase their lending activity with each year an agreement is in force and that increased lending persists after an agreement expires. Additional analysis shows that agreements that include provisions for mortgage counseling and technical assistance are associated with increased targeted lending. By contrast, agreements with provisions requiring small business counseling and technical assistance and periodic meetings by review committees are associated with somewhat depressed lending levels. Further research is needed to draw definitive implications from this second set of results.

Suggested Citation

  • Raphael Bostic & Breck Robinson, 2005. "What makes community reinvestment act agreements work? A study of lender responses," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(3-4), pages 513-545.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:houspd:v:16:y:2005:i:3-4:p:513-545
    DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2005.9521554
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    Cited by:

    1. Oberg, Phillip Michael, 2017. "The housing bubble and the evolution of the homeownership gap," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 25-35.
    2. Colleen Casey & Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat, 2023. "Linkages between regional characteristics and small businesses viability," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 617-629, August.
    3. Neil Bhutta, 2011. "The Community Reinvestment Act and Mortgage Lending to Lower Income Borrowers and Neighborhoods," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 54(4), pages 953-983.
    4. Jonathan Spader & Roberto Quercia, 2012. "CRA Lending in a Changing Context: Evidence of Interaction with FHA and Subprime Originations," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 44(4), pages 505-525, May.
    5. Neil Bhutta, 2008. "Giving credit where credit is due? the Community Reinvestment Act and mortgage lending in lower-income neighborhoods," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2008-61, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).

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