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Residential location, transportation, and welfare‐to‐work in the United States: A case study of Milwaukee

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  • Qing Shen
  • Thomas Sanchez

Abstract

This article addresses two questions about spatial barriers to welfare‐to‐work transition in the United States. First, what residential and transportation adjustments do welfare recipients tend to make as they try to become economically self‐sufficient? Second, do these adjustments actually increase the probability that they will become employed? Analysis of 1997–2000 panel data on housing location and automobile ownership for Milwaukee welfare recipients reveals two tendencies: (1) to relocate to neighborhoods with less poverty and more racial integration and (2) to obtain a car. Results from binary logit models indicate that residential relocation and car ownership both increase the likelihood that welfare recipients will become employed. These findings suggest that policies should aim to facilitate residential mobility for low‐income families and improve their neighborhoods, rather than simply move them closer to job opportunities. The findings also suggest a critical role for transportation policy in reducing unemployment.

Suggested Citation

  • Qing Shen & Thomas Sanchez, 2005. "Residential location, transportation, and welfare‐to‐work in the United States: A case study of Milwaukee," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(3-4), pages 393-431.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:houspd:v:16:y:2005:i:3-4:p:393-431
    DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2005.9521551
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    Cited by:

    1. Liping Wang & Cifang Wu & Songnian Zhao, 2022. "A Review of Spatial Mismatch Research: Empirical Debate, Theoretical Evolution and Connotation Expansion," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Zelin Zhang & Xiaomin Tang & Yun Wang, 2023. "Evaluation of the Intergenerational Equity of Public Open Space in Old Communities: A Case Study of Caoyang New Village in Shanghai," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-26, July.
    3. Mizuki Kawabata & Qing Shen, 2007. "Commuting Inequality between Cars and Public Transit: The Case of the San Francisco Bay Area, 1990-2000," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(9), pages 1759-1780, August.
    4. Oh, Seunghoon & Chen, Na, 2022. "Do public transit and agglomeration economies collectively enhance low-skilled job accessibility in Portland, OR?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 209-219.
    5. Jeroen Bastiaanssen & Daniel Johnson & Karen Lucas, 2022. "Does better job accessibility help people gain employment? The role of public transport in Great Britain," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(2), pages 301-322, February.
    6. Fransen, Koos & Boussauw, Kobe & Deruyter, Greta & De Maeyer, Philippe, 2019. "The relationship between transport disadvantage and employability: Predicting long-term unemployment based on job seekers’ access to suitable job openings in Flanders, Belgium," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 268-279.
    7. Farber, Steven & Páez, Antonio, 2009. "My car, my friends, and me: a preliminary analysis of automobility and social activity participation," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 216-225.
    8. Ahuja, Richa & Tiwari, Geetam, 2021. "Evolving term “accessibility” in spatial systems: Contextual evaluation of indicators," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 4-11.
    9. Merlin, Louis A. & Hu, Lingqian, 2017. "Does competition matter in measures of job accessibility? Explaining employment in Los Angeles," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 77-88.

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