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"All Decisions Are Top-Down:" Engendering Public Expenditure in Vietnam

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  • A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi

Abstract

Between October 1999 and June 2000 a joint government-donor working group undertook a public expenditure review in Vietnam that was supposed to use "gender issues" as a cross-cutting theme. The article discusses ways in which a gender analysis could have been incorporated into a review of public expenditure, and examines why this did not happen in the end. Flaws in the process reduced the scope of gender analysis. Institutional constraints on the part of both the government and the World Bank weakened the commitment to a gender analysis. More fundamentally, however, it is argued that the methodological approach of the World Bank rendered it incapable of investigating possibly unquantifiable macrostructural and mesoinstitutional determinants of individual behavior. It is further argued that the conceptualization of social institutions offered by the World Bank with regard to gender relations fails to adequately express the extent to which social institutions are gendered.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi, 2002. ""All Decisions Are Top-Down:" Engendering Public Expenditure in Vietnam," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 1-19.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:8:y:2002:i:3:p:1-19
    DOI: 10.1080/0003684022000026647
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ann Whitehead & Matthew Lockwood, 1999. "Gendering Poverty: A Review of Six World Bank African Poverty Assessments," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 30(3), pages 525-555, July.
    2. Diane Elson, 1998. "Integrating gender issues into national budgetary policies and procedures: some policy options," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 10(7), pages 929-941.
    3. Ellis, Frank, 2000. "Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198296966.
    4. Lucia C. Hanmer & A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi, 1998. "In“The House of the Spirits”: Toward a Post Keynesian Theory of the Household?," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(3), pages 415-433, March.
    5. Budlender, Debbie, 2000. "The Political Economy of Women's Budgets in the South," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 28(7), pages 1365-1378, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Truong, T.-D., 2004. "Liberalisation, care and the struggle for women's social citizenship in Vietnam," ISS Working Papers - General Series 19153, International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam (ISS), The Hague.

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