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Staying on Top: Why is Munich so Resilient and Successful?

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  • Richard Evans
  • Jay Karecha

Abstract

This article seeks to explain why Munich, Germany's most economically successful city in recent decades, has proved so resilient despite various challenges and shocks. It begins by discussing different theoretical understandings of resilience and our methodological approach which builds on complex adaptive systems and evolutionary economic geography perspectives. Using a blend of historical analysis and in-depth investigation of the dynamics of one of the city's most innovative clusters, we argue that Munich's resilience essentially stems from the complex interplay of Germany's distinctive political history and federal system, which has promoted multi-level governance and a strong urban system, longstanding city regional leadership and entrepreneurialism, Munich's inherent assets and diverse economy and the combined strength of its many knowledge institutions, innovation system and networks. The evidence suggests that historic, structural and locational factors and agglomeration effects largely explain Munich's rise to prominence but that sustained urban and regional leadership and effective governance and policy especially in the technological, scientific and educational spheres coupled with intelligent urban planning have played an increasingly important role in sustaining its competitiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Evans & Jay Karecha, 2014. "Staying on Top: Why is Munich so Resilient and Successful?," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(6), pages 1259-1279, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurpls:v:22:y:2014:i:6:p:1259-1279
    DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2013.778958
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    Cited by:

    1. Vitor Klein Schmidt & Aurora Carneiro Zen & Bernardo Fernandes Soares & Bruno Anicet Bittencourt, 2023. "Trajectory and cluster resilience elements: The case of the Brazilian wine cluster of the Serra Gaúcha," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(2), pages 596-624, June.
    2. Roberto Cellini & Paolo Di Caro & Gianpiero Torrisi, 2017. "Regional resilience in Italy: do employment and income tell the same story?," Chapters, in: Robert Huggins & Piers Thompson (ed.), Handbook of Regions and Competitiveness, chapter 14, pages 308-331, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Yuanshuo Xu & Mildred E. Warner, 2015. "Understanding employment growth in the recession: the geographic diversity of state rescaling," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 8(2), pages 359-377.
    4. Xin Mai & Roger C. K. Chan & Chaoqun Zhan, 2019. "Which Sectors Really Matter for a Resilient Chinese Economy? A Structural Decomposition Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-17, November.
    5. Mingdou Zhang & Qingbang Wu & Weilu Li & Dongqi Sun & Fei Huang, 2021. "Intensifier of urban economic resilience: Specialized or diversified agglomeration?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(11), pages 1-21, November.
    6. Pedro Sánchez-Zamora & Rosa Gallardo-Cobos, 2019. "Diversity, Disparity and Territorial Resilience in the Context of the Economic Crisis: An Analysis of Rural Areas in Southern Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, March.
    7. Alina Botezat & Mihaela David & Cristian Incaltarau & Peter Nijkamp, 2021. "The Illusion of Urbanization: Impact of Administrative Reform on Communities’ Resilience," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 44(1), pages 33-84, January.
    8. Paolo Caro & Ugo Fratesi, 2018. "Regional determinants of economic resilience," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 60(2), pages 235-240, March.
    9. Roberto Cellini & Tiziana Cuccia, 2019. "Do behaviours in cultural markets affect economic resilience? An analysis of Italian regions," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(4), pages 784-801, April.
    10. Leon Wansleben & Nils Neumann, 2024. "Entrepreneurs beyond neoliberalism: Municipally owned corporations and climate change mitigation in German cities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 61(5), pages 799-820, April.
    11. Wang, Xueli & Wang, Lei & Zhang, Xuerong & Fan, Fei, 2022. "The spatiotemporal evolution of COVID-19 in China and its impact on urban economic resilience," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    12. Tao Zhao & Jinwei Huo & Degang Yang & Xinhuan Zhang & Danni Lu & Mingjie Cui & Rongqian Lu & Yaning Chen, 2022. "Study on the Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of China’s Economic Resilience under Different Shocks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    13. Mete Basar Baypinar, 2016. "Evolution of ICT and software industry: Crisis, resilience and the role of emerging clusters," ERSA conference papers ersa16p232, European Regional Science Association.
    14. Ibrahim Ngouhouo & Tii Njivukuh Nchofoung, 2022. "Economic Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Composite Indicators," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(1), pages 70-91, March.

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