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How bank business models drive interest margins: evidence from US bank-level data

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  • Saskia E. van Ewijk
  • Ivo J.M. Arnold

Abstract

The two decades prior to the credit crisis witnessed a strategic shift from a traditional, relationships-oriented model (ROM) to a transactions-oriented model (TOM) of financial intermediation in developed countries. A concurrent trend has been a persistent decline in average bank interest margins. In the literature, these phenomena are often explained using a causality that runs from increased competition in traditional segments to lower margins to new activities. Using a comprehensive data set with bank-level data on over 16,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured US commercial banks for a period ranging from 1992 to 2010, this paper qualifies this chain of causality. We find that a bank's business model, measured using a multi-dimensional proxy of relationship banking activity, exerts a strong, positive effect on interest margins. Our results suggest that the strategic shift from ROM to TOM has transformed banks' balance sheets and reduced interest rate margins as a by-product.

Suggested Citation

  • Saskia E. van Ewijk & Ivo J.M. Arnold, 2014. "How bank business models drive interest margins: evidence from US bank-level data," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(10), pages 850-873, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjfi:v:20:y:2014:i:10:p:850-873
    DOI: 10.1080/1351847X.2013.833532
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Leo Haan & Jan Kakes, 0. "European banks after the global financial crisis: peak accumulated losses, twin crises and business models," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 0, pages 1-15.
    2. Giovanni Melina & Stefania Villa, 2018. "Leaning Against Windy Bank Lending," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 56(1), pages 460-482, January.
    3. Marta Penczar & Sabina Nowak & Monika Liszewska, 2023. "Playing by the rules: Do the post‐crisis regulations influence banks' funding model in the EU?," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(4), pages 4572-4591, October.
    4. Anthony Birchwood & Michael Brei & Dorian Noel, 2016. "Bank interest margins and regulation in Central America and the Caribbean," Working Papers hal-04141575, HAL.
    5. Lorenzo Simoni & Stefan Schaper & Christian Nielsen, 2022. "Business Model Disclosures, Market Values, and Earnings Persistence: Evidence From the UK," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 58(1), pages 142-173, March.
    6. Birchwood, Anthony & Brei, Michael & Noel, Dorian M., 2017. "Interest margins and bank regulation in Central America and the Caribbean," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 56-68.
    7. Leo Haan & Jan Kakes, 2020. "European banks after the global financial crisis: peak accumulated losses, twin crises and business models," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(3), pages 197-211, September.
    8. Mechelli, Alessandro & Cimini, Riccardo & Mazzocchetti, Francesca, 2017. "The usefulness of the business model disclosure for investors’ judgements in financial entities. A European study," Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 1-12.
    9. Lartey, Theophilus & James, Gregory A. & Danso, Albert & Boateng, Agyenim, 2022. "Bank business models, failure risk and earnings opacity: A short- versus long-term perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    10. Bernardo P. Marques & Carlos F. Alves, 2020. "Using clustering ensemble to identify banking business models," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 66-94, April.
    11. Nguyen T. H. Nguyen & James R. Barth, 2020. "Community Banks vs. Non-Community Banks: Where is the Advantage in Local Small Business Funding?," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 48(2), pages 161-174, June.
    12. Andrea Landi, Alex Sclip, Valeria Venturelli, 2019. "The effect of the Fed zero-lower bound announcementon bank profitability and diversification," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 0079, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    13. Lorenzo Simoni & Laura Bini & Francesco Giunta, 2019. "The effects of business model regulation on the value relevance of traditional performance measures. Some evidence from UK companies," FINANCIAL REPORTING, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2019(1), pages 83-111.

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