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Self-employment of immigrants and natives in Sweden -- a multilevel analysis

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  • Henrik Ohlsson
  • Per Broomé
  • Pieter Bevelander

Abstract

Recent research suggests that self-employment among immigrants is due to a combination of multiple situational, cultural and institutional factors, all acting together. Using multilevel regression and unique data on the entire population of Sweden for the year 2007, this study attempts to quantify the relative importance for the self-employed of embeddedness in ethnic contexts (country of birth) and regional business and public regulatory frameworks (labour market areas). This information indicates whether the layers under consideration are valid constructs of the surroundings that influence individual self-employment. The results show that 10% (women) and 8% (men) of the total variation in individual differences in self-employment can be attributed to the country of birth. When labour market areas are included in the analyses, the share of the total variation increases to 14% for women and 12% for men. The results show that the ethnic context and the economic environment play a minor role in understanding individual differences in self-employment levels. The results can have important implications when planning interventions or other actions focusing on self-employment as public measures to promote self-employment often are based on geographic areas and ethnic contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Henrik Ohlsson & Per Broomé & Pieter Bevelander, 2012. "Self-employment of immigrants and natives in Sweden -- a multilevel analysis," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(5-6), pages 405-423, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:entreg:v:24:y:2012:i:5-6:p:405-423
    DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2011.598570
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sofia Wixe, 2020. "Long-term neighbourhood effects on immigrant self-employment," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(13), pages 2733-2753, October.
    2. Matthew Roskruge & Jacques Poot & Laura King, 2016. "Social capital, entrepreneurship and living standards: differences between migrants and the native born," Chapters, in: Hans Westlund & Johan P. Larsson (ed.), Handbook of Social Capital and Regional Development, chapter 9, pages 221-254, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Chreim, Samia & Spence, Martine & Crick, David & Liao, Xiaolu, 2018. "Review of female immigrant entrepreneurship research: Past findings, gaps and ways forward," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 210-222.
    4. Dabić, Marina & Vlačić, Bozidar & Paul, Justin & Dana, Leo-Paul & Sahasranamam, Sreevas & Glinka, Beata, 2020. "Immigrant entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 25-38.
    5. Mingzhi Hu & Zhongfeng Su & Wenping Ye, 2023. "The future-time reference of home-country language and immigrant self-employment: an imprinting perspective," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(2), pages 521-535, February.

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