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Unobserved Common Factors In Military Expenditure Interactions Across Mena Countries

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  • Elisa Cavatorta

Abstract

In this paper we explore the patterns of interactions between military expenditure shares in the MENA region over the period 1979-2007. We explore whether there are latent common factors that impact on the military expenditures of 15 countries in the MENA region and whether these factors can be interpreted. Unobserved common factors induce cross-sectional dependence and may lead to traditional panel-time series estimators being inconsistent. To identify these latent factors we apply principal component analysis. We evaluate the interpretation of the estimated factors using the multiple-indicator multiple-cause model. We find that there is a substantial evidence of cross-sectional dependence in the MENA region, induced mainly by two unobserved factors, but these factors are difficult to interpret.

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  • Elisa Cavatorta, 2010. "Unobserved Common Factors In Military Expenditure Interactions Across Mena Countries," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 301-316.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:defpea:v:21:y:2010:i:4:p:301-316
    DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2010.491703
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    1. J Paul Dunne & Sam Perlo-Freeman & Ron P Smith, 2008. "Determining Military Expenditures: Arms Races and Spill-Over Effects in Cross-Section and Panel Data," Discussion Papers 0801, British University in Egypt, Faulty of Business Administration, Economics and Political Science.
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    1. Elisa Cavatorta & Ron P. Smith, 2017. "Factor Models in Panels with Cross-sectional Dependence: An Application to the Extended SIPRI Military Expenditure Data," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(4), pages 437-456, July.

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