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‘Race’, Gender and Neoliberalism: changing visual representations in development

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  • Kalpana Wilson

Abstract

This article examines the increasing use of ‘positive’, active images of ‘poor women in developing countries’ by development institutions, in relation to several interlinked factors: critiques of earlier representations of ‘Third World women’ as an essentialised category of ‘passive victims’; the appropriation—and transformation—within neoliberal discourses of development from the 1990s onwards of concepts of agency and empowerment; and changes in the role of development NGOs in the same period. Through a discussion of recent publicity campaigns by Oxfam Unwrapped, the Nike Foundation and Divine chocolate, the article examines the specific and gendered ways in which these more recent visual productions are racialised, exploring, in particular, parallels and continuities between colonial representations of women workers and today's images of micro-entrepreneurship within the framework of neoliberal globalisation. The article concludes that, like their colonial predecessors, contemporary representations obscure relations of oppression and exploitation, and work to render collective challenges to the neoliberal model invisible.

Suggested Citation

  • Kalpana Wilson, 2011. "‘Race’, Gender and Neoliberalism: changing visual representations in development," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(2), pages 315-331.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ctwqxx:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:315-331
    DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2011.560471
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    Cited by:

    1. Uchendu Eugene Chigbu & Gaynor Paradza & Walter Dachaga, 2019. "Differentiations in Women’s Land Tenure Experiences: Implications for Women’s Land Access and Tenure Security in Sub-Saharan Africa," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Ben Jones, 2018. "‘A More Receptive Crowd than Before’: Explaining the World Bank’s Gender Turn in the 2000s," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 18(3), pages 172-188, July.
    3. Anne Jerneck, 2015. "Understanding Poverty," SAGE Open, , vol. 5(4), pages 21582440156, November.
    4. Kimberly N. Hill‐Tout & Roberta Hawkins, 2023. "Accessorizing development: Fundraising bracelets for International Development as a New Development Responsibility," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(7), pages 2046-2066, October.
    5. Sydney Calkin, 2015. "Feminism, interrupted? Gender and development in the era of ‘Smart Economics’," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 15(4), pages 295-307, October.
    6. Murat Arsel & Kalpana Wilson, 2015. "Forum 2015," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 46(4), pages 803-832, July.
    7. Ofra Koffman & Shani Orgad & Rosalind Gill, 2015. "Girl power and ‘selfie humanitarianism’," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 62627, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Sylvia Chant, 2016. "Galvanizing girls for development? Critiquing the shift from ‘smart’ to ‘smarter economics’," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 16(4), pages 314-328, October.
    9. Katy Jenkins, 2024. "Between Hope and Loss: Peruvian Women Activists’ Visual Contestations of Extractive-led Development," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 24(1), pages 48-67, January.

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