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The formal and informal tools of design governance

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  • Matthew Carmona

Abstract

This paper takes a typological exploration of the ‘tools’ of ‘design governance’. It begins by exploring the generic literature that focuses on the range of instruments, approaches and actions ‒ the tools ‒ that policy makers deploy in order to steer public and private actors towards particular policy outcomes. Subsequently, how the notion of tools relates to practices of design governance is examined: first, encompassing three ‘formal’ categories of design governance tools ‒ guidance, incentive and control ‒ and second, by drawing on the work of the former Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) in England to introduce five categories of ‘informal’ design governance tools ‒ evidence, knowledge, promotion, evaluation and assistance. The result, and the key contribution of this paper, is a new and comprehensive (albeit evolving), design governance toolbox that extends from formal to informal tools and far beyond that which most policy makers recognize or use.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthew Carmona, 2017. "The formal and informal tools of design governance," Journal of Urban Design, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 1-36, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:cjudxx:v:22:y:2017:i:1:p:1-36
    DOI: 10.1080/13574809.2016.1234338
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    Cited by:

    1. Edgars Pudzis & Sanda Geipele & Armands Auzins & Andrejs Lazdins & Jevgenija Butnicka & Krista Krumina & Indra Ciuksa & Maris Kalinka & Una Krutova & Mark Grimitliht & Marii Prii-Pärn & Charlotta Björ, 2021. "Evaluation of Formal and Informal Spatial Coastal Area Planning Process in Baltic Sea Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Dickinson, Daniella & Shahab, Sina, 2021. "Post planning-decision process: Ensuring the delivery of high-quality developments in Cardiff," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    3. Fernanda Pedro & Ernesto Giglio & Luis Velazquez & Nora Munguia, 2021. "Constructed Governance as Solution to Conflicts in E-Waste Recycling Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-22, February.
    4. Mishra Ankit, 2019. "The Process of Informal Spatial Planning: A Literature Overview," Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management, Sciendo, vol. 7(1), pages 216-227, January.
    5. Dan Trudeau, 2020. "Disparate Projects, Coherent Practices: Constructing New Urbanism through the Charter Awards," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(4), pages 429-440.
    6. Cheonjae Lee & Walter Timo de Vries & Uchendu Eugene Chigbu, 2019. "Land Governance Re-Arrangements: The One-Country One-System (OCOS) Versus One-Country Two-System (OCTS) Approach," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-26, March.
    7. Li Pernegger, 2021. "Effects of the state’s informal practices on organisational capability and social inclusion: Three cases of city governance in Johannesburg," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(6), pages 1193-1210, May.

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