IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spt/apfiba/v13y2023i3f13_3_6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Bank Profitability and Mergers in the German Cooperative Banking Sector

Author

Listed:
  • Richard Reichel

Abstract

This paper evaluates bank performance as a determinant of mergers in the German cooperative banking sector. Based on annual time series data since 1990, a bivariate Vector Error Correction (VEC) model is specified and estimated. The results identify return on equity (ROE) as a driver of mergers. The higher ROE, the higher the merger intensity, defined as the ratio of mergers by the number of last years’ banks. A reverse causality cannot be found as mergers do not significantly affect ROE. The results confirm some literature findings that were obtained from cross-section data. Our findings do not confirm the hypothesis that mergers are induced by worse economic performance.  JEL classification numbers: G21, G34, L25, P13.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Reichel, 2023. "Bank Profitability and Mergers in the German Cooperative Banking Sector," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 13(3), pages 1-6.
    • Handle: RePEc:spt:apfiba:v:13:y:2023:i:3:f:13_3_6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/JAFB%2fVol%2013_3_6.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Koetter Michael, 2008. "An Assessment of Bank Merger Success in Germany," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 9(2), pages 232-264, May.
    2. repec:bla:germec:v:9:y:2008:i::p:232-264 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Figueiras, Isabel & Gardó, Sándor & Grodzicki, Maciej & Klaus, Benjamin & Lebastard, Laura, 2021. "Bank mergers and acquisitions in the euro area: drivers and implications for bank performance," Financial Stability Review, European Central Bank, vol. 2.
    4. Matias Huhtilainen & Jani Saastamoinen & Niko Suhonen, 2022. "Determinants of mergers and acquisitions among Finnish cooperative and savings banks," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(3), pages 339-349, September.
    5. Lang, Gunter & Welzel, Peter, 1999. "Mergers among German Cooperative Banks: A Panel-Based Stochastic Frontier Analysis," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 273-286, December.
    6. Paula Cabo & João Rebelo, 2005. "Why do Agricultural Credit Cooperatives Merge? The Portuguese Experience," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 76(3), pages 491-516, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Coccorese, Paolo & Ferri, Giovanni, 2020. "Are mergers among cooperative banks worth a dime? Evidence on efficiency effects of M&As in Italy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 147-164.
    2. Paolo Coccorese & Giovanni Ferri & Fabiola Spiniello, 2017. "Are mergers among cooperative banks worth a dime? Evidence on post-M&A efficiency in Italy," CERBE Working Papers wpC18, CERBE Center for Relationship Banking and Economics.
    3. Koetter, Michael & Müller, Carola & Noth, Felix & Fritz, Benedikt, 2018. "May the force be with you: Exit barriers, governance shocks, and profitability sclerosis in banking," Discussion Papers 49/2018, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    4. Koetter, Michael & Poghosyan, Tigran, 2008. "The implications of latent technology regimes for competition and efficiency in banking," Discussion Paper Series 2: Banking and Financial Studies 2008,15, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    5. Behr, Andreas & Heid, Frank, 2011. "The success of bank mergers revisited. An assessment based on a matching strategy," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 117-135, January.
    6. McKillop, Donal & French, Declan & Quinn, Barry & Sobiech, Anna L. & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Cooperative financial institutions: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    7. Agostino, Mariarosaria & Ruberto, Sabrina & Trivieri, Francesco, 2023. "The role of local institutions in cooperative banks’ efficiency. The case of Italy," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 84-103.
    8. Nobuyoshi Yamori & Kozo Harimaya, 2024. "Effects of consolidation of cooperative financial institutions in Japan: Evidence from meta‐frontier analysis," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 867-886, January.
    9. Matias Huhtilainen & Jani Saastamoinen & Niko Suhonen, 2022. "Determinants of mergers and acquisitions among Finnish cooperative and savings banks," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(3), pages 339-349, September.
    10. Fiorentino, Elisabetta & Vincenzo, Alessio De & Heid, Frank & Karmann, Alexander & Koetter, Michael, 2009. "The effects of privatization and consolidation on bank productivity: comparative evidence from Italy and Germany," Discussion Paper Series 2: Banking and Financial Studies 2009,03, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    11. Stolz, Stéphanie & Wedow, Michael, 2011. "Banks' regulatory capital buffer and the business cycle: Evidence for Germany," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 98-110, June.
    12. Elisabetta Fiorentino & Heinz Herrmann, 2009. "Effizienz und Wettbewerb im deutschen Bankensektor," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 78(1), pages 114-126.
    13. Dairo Estrada & Poldy Osorio, 2004. "Effects of Financial Capital on Colombian Banking Efficiency," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 22(47), pages 162-201, December.
    14. Kick, Thomas & Malinkovich, Swetlana & Merkl, Christian, 2020. "Loan supply and bank capital: A micro-macro linkage," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    15. Hailu, Getu & Goddard, Ellen W. & Jeffrey, Scott R., 2005. "Measuring Efficiency in Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Co-operatives with Heterogeneous Technologies in Canada," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19507, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    16. Farrag Noha & Lang Günter, 2015. "Is Bigger Better for Egyptian Banks? An Efficiency Analysis of the Egyptian Banks during a Period of Reform 2000–2006," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 11(3), pages 225-248, December.
    17. Koetter, M. & Bos, J.W.B. & Heid, F. & Kolari, J.W. & Kool, C.J.M. & Porath, D., 2007. "Accounting for distress in bank mergers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(10), pages 3200-3217, October.
    18. Andreas Dombret & André Ebner, 2013. "Default of Systemically Important Financial Intermediaries: Short-term Stability versus Incentive Compatibility?," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 14(1), pages 15-30, February.
    19. M. Koetter, 2004. "The Stability of Efficiency Rankings when Risk-Preference are Different," Working Papers 04-08, Utrecht School of Economics.
    20. Noha Farrag & Guenter Lang, 2012. "The Egyptian Banking Sector: Assessing Efficiency Using a Stochastic Frontier Cost Function," Working Papers 33, The German University in Cairo, Faculty of Management Technology.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bank mergers; cooperative banks; bank profitability; VEC model.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • P13 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Cooperative Enterprises

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spt:apfiba:v:13:y:2023:i:3:f:13_3_6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Eleftherios Spyromitros-Xioufis (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.scienpress.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.