IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spt/apfiba/v11y2021i5f11_5_6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Monetary Policy Rules vs Discretion: Social Cost and Benefits

Author

Listed:
  • Ioannis N. Kallianiotis

Abstract

In this article it is discussed the new monetary policy, the new instruments (monetary policy tools) that the Fed introduced after 2008 and 2020, the different monetary policy rules, and the social cost and benefits of this policy is measured. The first major Fed’s changes were on 12/20/2008 by altering the fed funds market in a number of different ways: (1) Zero fed funds rate. (2) The Fed started paying interest on reserves held by the bank or on behalf of depository institutions at Reserve Banks, subject to regulations of the Board of Governors, effective October 1, 2011 and interest on the overnight reverse repurchase agreement in 2014. (3) The close to zero deposit rates. (4) The Fed abolished the required reserves by making them since March 26, 2020 zero. The social cost is very high with these “innovated†policies. This zero federal funds target rate monetary policy is against depositors (bail in cost) and taxpayers (bail out cost); it is an unfair public policy and an anti-social monetary policy; and at the same time it is a risky one because it has created enormous bubbles in the stock market and a creeping high inflation. The different monetary policy rules reveal the unjustifiable low policy target rates. The latest monetary policy combined with the loss of self-sufficiency, the outsourcing, the unfair international trade, the recent peculiar coronavirus pandemic, and the current divisions inside the country are generating many challenges and risks for the future, which will cause the social cost to exceed the social benefits. JEL classification numbers: E52, E58, E4, E44, E23, D6.

Suggested Citation

  • Ioannis N. Kallianiotis, 2021. "Monetary Policy Rules vs Discretion: Social Cost and Benefits," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 11(5), pages 1-6.
    • Handle: RePEc:spt:apfiba:v:11:y:2021:i:5:f:11_5_6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/JAFB%2fVol%2011_5_6.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paul Gomme & B. Ravikumar & Peter Rupert, 2011. "The Return to Capital and the Business Cycle," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 14(2), pages 262-278, April.
    2. John C. Williams, 2017. "The Global Growth Slump: Causes & Consequences," Speech 180, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    3. Joseph E. Gagnon & Brian Sack, 2014. "Monetary Policy with Abundant Liquidity: A New Operating Framework for the Fed," Policy Briefs PB14-4, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
    4. John Komlos, 2019. "The Real U.S. Unemployment Rate Is Twice the Official Rate, and the Phillips Curve," CESifo Working Paper Series 7859, CESifo.
    5. Nelson Edward, 2005. "The Great Inflation of the Seventies: What Really Happened?," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 5(1), pages 1-50, July.
    6. Holston, Kathryn & Laubach, Thomas & Williams, John C., 2017. "Measuring the natural rate of interest: International trends and determinants," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(S1), pages 59-75.
    7. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis & Iordanis Petsas, 2020. "The Effectiveness of the Single Mandate of the ECB and the Dual of the Fed," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 10(4), pages 1-11.
    8. Stephen D. Williamson, 2018. "Inflation Control: Do Central Bankers Have It Right?," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 100(2), pages 127-150.
    9. Brunner, Karl & Meltzer, Allan H., 1976. "The Phillips curve," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 1-18, January.
    10. John C. Williams, 2017. "The Global Growth Slump: Causes and Consequences," FRBSF Economic Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    11. Lucia Foster & Cheryl Grim & John Haltiwanger, 2016. "Reallocation in the Great Recession: Cleansing or Not?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(S1), pages 293-331.
    12. William T. Gavin, 2018. "Monetary Policy Regimes and the Real Interest Rate," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 100(2), pages 151-169.
    13. William T. Gavin & Finn E. Kydland, 1999. "Endogenous Money Supply and the Business Cycle," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 2(2), pages 347-369, April.
    14. John N. Kallianiotis, 2013. "International Financial Transactions and Exchange Rates," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-1-137-35693-2, December.
    15. Brett W. Fawley & Christopher J. Neely, 2013. "Four stories of quantitative easing," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Jan, pages 51-88.
    16. Simon Firestone & Amy Lorenc & Ben Ranish, 2019. "An Empirical Economic Assessment of the Costs and Benefits of Bank Capital in the United States," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 101(3).
    17. Simon M. Potter, 2017. "Implementing monetary policy with the balance sheet: keynote remarks for ECB Workshop: Money Markets, Monetary Policy Implementation, and Central Bank Balance Sheets, Frankfurt am Main, Germany," Speech 259, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    18. John N. Kallianiotis, 2013. "Exchange Rates and International Financial Economics," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-1-137-31888-6, December.
    19. Dr. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis* & J. Kania, 2019. "Monetary Policy: Is the Dual Mandate of the Fed Maximizing the Social Welfare?," International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 5(6), pages 112-142, 06-2019.
    20. Stephen D. Williamson, 2016. "Neo-Fisherism: A Radical Idea, or the Most Obvious Solution to the Low-Inflation Problem?," The Regional Economist, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue July.
    21. Dr. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis, 2020. "Can Monetary Policy Prevent Financial Crises?," International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 6(4), pages 51-75, 04-2020.
    22. William Poole & David C. Wheelock, 2008. "Stable prices, stable economy: keeping inflation in check must be No. 1 goal of monetary policymakers," The Regional Economist, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Jan, pages 4-9.
    23. Lucas, Robert Jr, 1976. "Econometric policy evaluation: A critique," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 19-46, January.
    24. Taylor, John B., 1993. "Discretion versus policy rules in practice," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 195-214, December.
    25. Paul Gomme & B. Ravikumar & Peter Rupert, 2015. "Secular Stagnation and Returns on Capital," Economic Synopses, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue 19.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis, 2024. "Fed’s Dual Mandate: Maximum Employment and Price Stability," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 14(3), pages 1-3.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis & Iordanis Petsas, 2020. "The Effectiveness of the Single Mandate of the ECB and the Dual of the Fed," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 10(4), pages 1-11.
    2. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis, 2019. "Monetary Policy, Real Cost of Capital, Financial Markets and the Real Economic Growth," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 9(1), pages 1-4.
    3. William T. Gavin, 2018. "Monetary Policy Regimes and the Real Interest Rate," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 100(2), pages 151-169.
    4. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis, 2018. "Exchange Rate Expectations," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 8(2), pages 1-5.
    5. repec:spt:apfiba:v::y:2018:i::f:8_2_5 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Dr. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis* & J. Kania, 2019. "Monetary Policy: Is the Dual Mandate of the Fed Maximizing the Social Welfare?," International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 5(6), pages 112-142, 06-2019.
    7. Robert Dittmar & William T. Gavin & Finn E. Kydland, 1999. "Price-level uncertainty and inflation targeting," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 81(Jul), pages 23-34.
    8. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2007_032 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Aurélien Goutsmedt, 2021. "From the Stagflation to the Great Inflation: Explaining the US economy of the 1970s," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 131(3), pages 557-582.
    10. Drissi, Ramzi & Ghassan, Hassan B., 2018. "Sticky Price versus Sticky Information Price: Empirical Evidence in the New Keynesian Setting," MPRA Paper 93075, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Apr 2019.
    11. Stephen J. Turnovsky, 2011. "Stabilization Theory and Policy: 50 Years after the Phillips Curve," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 78(309), pages 67-88, January.
    12. Alan S. Blinder, 2019. "What does Jerome Powell know that William McChesney Martin didn’t—and what role did academic research play in that?," Working Papers 259, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    13. White, Halbert & Pettenuzzo, Davide, 2014. "Granger causality, exogeneity, cointegration, and economic policy analysis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 178(P2), pages 316-330.
    14. Maclennan, Duncan & Muellbauer, John & Stephens, Mark, 1998. "Asymmetries in Housing and Financial Market Institutions and EMU," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 14(3), pages 54-80, Autumn.
    15. Beyer, Robert C.M. & Wieland, Volker, 2019. "Instability, imprecision and inconsistent use of equilibrium real interest rate estimates," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 1-14.
    16. Hendry, David F. & Mizon, Grayham E., 2001. "Reformulating empirical macro-econometric modelling," Discussion Paper Series In Economics And Econometrics 104, Economics Division, School of Social Sciences, University of Southampton.
    17. Latsos Sophia, 2018. "Real Wage Effects of Japan’s Monetary Policy," ORDO. Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 69(1), pages 177-215, July.
    18. Gavin, William T. & Kydland, Finn E. & Pakko, Michael R., 2007. "Monetary policy, taxes, and the business cycle," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(6), pages 1587-1611, September.
    19. Hassan, Rubina & Shahzad, Mirza Muhammad, 2011. "A macroeconometric framework for monetary policy evaluation: A case study of Pakistan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(1-2), pages 118-137, January.
    20. Homburg, Stefan, 2017. "A Study in Monetary Macroeconomics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198807537.
    21. Edmund S. Phelps, 2008. "Macroeconomics for a Modern Economy," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 52(1), pages 3-22, March.
    22. George W. Evans & Seppo Honkapohja, 2009. "Expectations, Learning and Monetary Policy: An Overview of Recent Research," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel & Carl E. Walsh & Norman Loayza (Series Editor) & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (Series (ed.),Monetary Policy under Uncertainty and Learning, edition 1, volume 13, chapter 2, pages 027-076, Central Bank of Chile.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Monetary Policy; Central Banks and Their Policies; Money and Interest Rates; Financial Markets and the Macro-economy; Production; Social Welfare.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • E4 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
    • D6 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spt:apfiba:v:11:y:2021:i:5:f:11_5_6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Eleftherios Spyromitros-Xioufis (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.scienpress.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.