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Determinants of cross-border merger premia

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  • Ralph Sonenshine
  • Kara Reynolds

Abstract

Firms have a broad range of rationales for engaging in cross-border mergers and other forms of foreign direct investment (FDI); while some companies are in search of the cost advantages provided by foreign resources, other firms are primarily interested in gaining access to new markets. Although a significant amount of research has explored the patterns of FDI, little work has been done to assess what influences the value of cross-border mergers and, in particular, what determines why some cross-border mergers are expected to result in higher synergies when compared to others. This paper explores what characteristics of a merger are expected to increase the synergies that a firm will accrue from a cross-border merger by testing how a variety of factors impact the premia paid to effectuate a cross-border merger. We find that firms are willing to pay a higher premium to obtain greater control over foreign firms, and that this control is even more important in mergers involving firms in emerging markets. We also find that the factors affecting deal premia in cross-border mergers differ based on whether the acquirer has a high or low intangible asset intensity level. Copyright Kiel Institute 2014

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  • Ralph Sonenshine & Kara Reynolds, 2014. "Determinants of cross-border merger premia," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 150(1), pages 173-189, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:weltar:v:150:y:2014:i:1:p:173-189
    DOI: 10.1007/s10290-013-0164-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Tianxu Jiang & Min Zhu, 2021. "The impact of innovation on companies’ cross-border mergers and acquisitions: evidence from China," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 969-991, June.
    2. Maung, Min & Shedden, Myles & Wang, Yuan & Wilson, Craig, 2019. "The investment environment and cross-border merger and acquisition premiums," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 19-35.
    3. Hu, May & Mou, Jiayi & Tuilautala, Mataiasi, 2020. "How trade credit affects mergers and acquisitions," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1-12.
    4. Ralph Sonenshine & Evan Kraft, 2015. "What Motivates Banks and Other Financial Services Firms to Merge? An Empirical Analysis of Economic and Institutional Factors," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 5, pages 66-82, August.
    5. Xie, En & Reddy, K.S. & Liang, Jie, 2017. "Country-specific determinants of cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A comprehensive review and future research directions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 127-183.
    6. Maung, Min & Wilson, Craig & Yu, Weisu, 2020. "Does reputation risk matter? Evidence from cross-border mergers and acquisitions," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    7. Datta, Deepak K. & Basuil, Dynah A. & Agarwal, Ankita, 2020. "Effects of board characteristics on post-acquisition performance: A study of cross-border acquisitions by firms in the manufacturing sector," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
    8. Ralph Sonenshine, 2020. "Merger waves: are buyers following the herd or responding to structural queues?," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(2), pages 287-308, June.
    9. Shetty, Anand & Manley, John & Kyaw, Nyonyo, 2019. "The impact of exchange rate movements on mergers and acquisitions FDI," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 52.
    10. Maung, Min & Tang, Zhenyang & Wilson, Craig & Xu, Xiaowei, 2021. "Religion, risk aversion, and cross border mergers and acquisitions," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cross-border mergers; FDI; Premia; Intangible asset; Synergies; G34;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

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