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Optimal Agricultural Water Allocation for the Sustainable Development of Surface and Groundwater Resources

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  • Ijaz Ahmad

    (China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, CAS-HEC
    Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Engineering and Technology)

  • Fan Zhang

    (China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, CAS-HEC
    Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

This paper presents a multiobjective linear program for the optimal allocation of water resources among various crops in a large canal command area of Pakistan. The available surface water in the canal cannot meet the net irrigation requirement (NIR) of various crops, which leads to the overexploitation of groundwater and causes salinity problems. Therefore, an optimal water allocation model was formulated using the simultaneous compromise constraint (SICCON) technique for the sustainable development of surface water and groundwater. Three (03) single objective functions (OFs) and a multiobjective function (MOF) were considered in this study. The MOF combines the single OFs by developing an arrangement among them to both maximize the satisfaction rate for surface water (SRs) and net economic returns (NER) and minimize the salinity problems. The available surface water (AW) of 1531 Mm3 was allocated among various crops, i.e., wheat, cotton, sugarcane, rice, onion, and sunflower, using the SICCON technique, and the deficit was accounted for with groundwater reserves. The model results showed an average increase of 22% in SRs and 7.2 million USD in NERs from surface water allocation compared to the current water allocation practice. Moreover, the salinity levels of the allocated water exceed the threshold limits of onion, sugarcane, and rice crops in the current water allocation system and thereby negatively impact agricultural production. Hence, the model used in this study may support decision-makers in the optimal selection of different crops to be irrigated to maximize the SRs and NERs and minimize salinity problems.

Suggested Citation

  • Ijaz Ahmad & Fan Zhang, 2022. "Optimal Agricultural Water Allocation for the Sustainable Development of Surface and Groundwater Resources," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(11), pages 4219-4236, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:36:y:2022:i:11:d:10.1007_s11269-022-03249-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-022-03249-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. M. Babel & A. Gupta & D. Nayak, 2005. "A Model for Optimal Allocation of Water to Competing Demands," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 19(6), pages 693-712, December.
    2. Jing Tian & Shenglian Guo & Dedi Liu & Zhengke Pan & Xingjun Hong, 2019. "A Fair Approach for Multi-Objective Water Resources Allocation," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(10), pages 3633-3653, August.
    3. Junfei Chen & Cong Yu & Miao Cai & Huimin Wang & Pei Zhou, 2020. "Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation of Urban Water Resources While Considering Conflict Resolution Based on the PSO Algorithm: A Case Study of Kunming, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-16, February.
    4. Mahsa Mirdashtvan & Ali Najafinejad & Arash Malekian & Amir Sa’doddin, 2021. "Sustainable Water Supply and Demand Management in Semi-arid Regions: Optimizing Water Resources Allocation Based on RCPs Scenarios," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(15), pages 5307-5324, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Komal Kumari & Anirban Dhar, 2023. "Analytic Element-Finite Volume Based Coupled Groundwater-Surface Water Interaction model for Canal Command Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(8), pages 3151-3167, June.
    2. Yu Fan & Haorui Chen & Zhanyi Gao & Benyan Fang & Xiangkun Liu, 2023. "A Model Coupling Water Resource Allocation and Canal Optimization for Water Distribution," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(3), pages 1341-1365, February.

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