IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/waterr/v33y2019i10d10.1007_s11269-019-02313-9.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of Wind Flow and Solar Radiation on Functionality of Water Evaporation Suppression Monolayers

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Mozafari

    (University of Tehran)

  • Bozorgmehr Mansouri

    (University of Tehran)

  • S. Farshid Chini

    (University of Tehran)

Abstract

The average evaporation in Iran is 3 times higher than the world average. Applying chemical monolayers on water surfaces is one of the promising methods for suppressing the evaporation. Literature studies have shown that the mixture of cetyl and stearyl (ratio of 1 to 9) is the state-of-the-art monolayer to minimize the evaporation. Adding calcium hydroxide increases the spreading rate and self-healing of the monolayer. Despite long study and investigation on monolayers, there are inconsistencies in explaining the mechanism by which monolayers decrease the evaporation. The mechanisms used to explain the evaporation reduction are: (i) increasing the reflected solar radiation, (ii) dampening the waves formed by winds and decreasing the water surface area, consequently, and (iii) limiting the escape of water molecules. In this paper, by design of experiments (DOE), we try to answer the above question. Evaporation rate from a container in absence of wind or low wind (~0.2 m/s) and at moderate temperature and relative humidity (~20 °C and 45%) is ~ 10 mm/day. Utilization of the monolayer can save 41% of the evaporated water. Also, in absence of radiation, a 9 m/s wind caused ~ 15 mm/day evaporation. By increasing the wind speed from 0 to 9 m/s, effectiveness of the monolayer deteriorated from 60 to 13%. Therefore, the main mechanism is neither reflecting the radiation (as in absence of radiation, monolayer was still effective) nor dampening the waves and decreasing the surface area (as in absence of wind, monolayer was effective; also, at higher wind speeds where the surface area increases, monolayer efficiency decreases). Therefore, the main mechanism by which monolayers decrease the evaporation rate is limiting the escape of water molecules. So, monolayers may be effective even during the nights even though radiation is at its lowest.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Mozafari & Bozorgmehr Mansouri & S. Farshid Chini, 2019. "Effect of Wind Flow and Solar Radiation on Functionality of Water Evaporation Suppression Monolayers," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(10), pages 3513-3522, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:33:y:2019:i:10:d:10.1007_s11269-019-02313-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-019-02313-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11269-019-02313-9
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11269-019-02313-9?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hao, Guochen & Han, Kewu & Shi, Kebin, 2023. "Effect of floating balls on evaporation inhibition, surface energy balance and biological water quality parameters at different coverage fractions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    2. El Bilali, Ali & Taghi, Youssef & Briouel, Omar & Taleb, Abdeslam & Brouziyne, Youssef, 2022. "A framework based on high-resolution imagery datasets and MCS for forecasting evaporation loss from small reservoirs in groundwater-based agriculture," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:33:y:2019:i:10:d:10.1007_s11269-019-02313-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.