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Co-Kriging Estimation of Nitrate-Nitrogen Loads in an Agricultural River

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  • Xiuyu Liang
  • Keith Schilling
  • You-Kuan Zhang
  • Christopher Jones

Abstract

Daily nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) loads in the Raccoon River, Iowa, were estimated using Ordinary kriging (OK), Cokriging (CK), and a standard rating curve method (LOADEST) based on a dataset of 3451 measurements of NO 3 -N concentration collected over 19 years. The CK estimation utilizes the temporal correlation of NO 3 -N load with daily discharge and honors the measured points to improve estimation relative to regression based models. Loads were estimated using the observed concentrations and three subsets of the measured data that correspond to three frequencies (weekly, biweekly, and monthly). Results indicated that daily NO 3 -N loads were best estimated by CK using measured loads with daily discharge. Daily load estimates produced by OK using weekly data matched well with measured values, but discrepancies emerged when samples were collected less frequently, e.g., biweekly and monthly. For the entire 19-year dataset, compared to measured loads, the estimated total NO 3 -N load decreased using OK when samples were collected monthly, but increased using CK. Load estimation using the seven-parameter LOADEST model did not perform well for the Raccoon River because the correlation of NO 3 -N concentration to river discharge was poor. For the site studied, weekly and biweekly sampling may be sufficient to estimate daily NO 3 -N loads with CK when daily discharge data is available. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016

Suggested Citation

  • Xiuyu Liang & Keith Schilling & You-Kuan Zhang & Christopher Jones, 2016. "Co-Kriging Estimation of Nitrate-Nitrogen Loads in an Agricultural River," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(5), pages 1771-1784, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:30:y:2016:i:5:p:1771-1784
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-016-1250-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nazzareno Diodato & Gianni Tartari & Gianni Bellocchi, 2010. "Geospatial Rainfall Modelling at Eastern Nepalese Highland from Ground Environmental Data," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(11), pages 2703-2720, September.
    2. Jenq-Tzong Shiau & Ting-Ju Chen, 2015. "Quantile Regression-Based Probabilistic Estimation Scheme for Daily and Annual Suspended Sediment Loads," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(8), pages 2805-2818, June.
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