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Co-Kriging Estimation of Nitrate-Nitrogen Loads in an Agricultural River

Author

Listed:
  • Xiuyu Liang

    (Nanjing University)

  • Keith Schilling

    (University of Iowa)

  • You-Kuan Zhang

    (Nanjing University
    University of Iowa)

  • Christopher Jones

    (Iowa Soybean Association)

Abstract

Daily nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) loads in the Raccoon River, Iowa, were estimated using Ordinary kriging (OK), Cokriging (CK), and a standard rating curve method (LOADEST) based on a dataset of 3451 measurements of NO3-N concentration collected over 19 years. The CK estimation utilizes the temporal correlation of NO3-N load with daily discharge and honors the measured points to improve estimation relative to regression based models. Loads were estimated using the observed concentrations and three subsets of the measured data that correspond to three frequencies (weekly, biweekly, and monthly). Results indicated that daily NO3-N loads were best estimated by CK using measured loads with daily discharge. Daily load estimates produced by OK using weekly data matched well with measured values, but discrepancies emerged when samples were collected less frequently, e.g., biweekly and monthly. For the entire 19-year dataset, compared to measured loads, the estimated total NO3-N load decreased using OK when samples were collected monthly, but increased using CK. Load estimation using the seven-parameter LOADEST model did not perform well for the Raccoon River because the correlation of NO3-N concentration to river discharge was poor. For the site studied, weekly and biweekly sampling may be sufficient to estimate daily NO3-N loads with CK when daily discharge data is available.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiuyu Liang & Keith Schilling & You-Kuan Zhang & Christopher Jones, 2016. "Co-Kriging Estimation of Nitrate-Nitrogen Loads in an Agricultural River," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(5), pages 1771-1784, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:30:y:2016:i:5:d:10.1007_s11269-016-1250-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-016-1250-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nazzareno Diodato & Gianni Tartari & Gianni Bellocchi, 2010. "Geospatial Rainfall Modelling at Eastern Nepalese Highland from Ground Environmental Data," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(11), pages 2703-2720, September.
    2. Jenq-Tzong Shiau & Ting-Ju Chen, 2015. "Quantile Regression-Based Probabilistic Estimation Scheme for Daily and Annual Suspended Sediment Loads," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(8), pages 2805-2818, June.
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