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Suitability of Water Quality Indices for Application in Lakes in the Mediterranean

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  • Dimitris Alexakis
  • Vassiliοs Tsihrintzis
  • George Tsakiris
  • Georgios Gikas

Abstract

Water quality indices (WQIs) are efficient and powerful tools for evaluating, organising and communicating information on the overall quality of surface water bodies. The use of these indices may be very helpful in evaluating the water quality of aquatic systems in relation to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). In this study, two well-known water quality indices have been selected for evaluation: the CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) and NSF (National Sanitation Foundation). These WQIs were applied in the Polyphytos reservoir-Aliakmon river in Greece where monthly water quality data were available for the period June 2004 to May 2005. The available dataset included values of the following parameters: water depth, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, transparency (Secchi disk depth), BOD 5 , COD, total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), ammonium (NH 4 + ), nitrite (NO 2 − ) and nitrate (NO 3 − ), and total Κjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). The application of the two WQIs was made using specialised, freely available software-tools. A comparison of their performance and a qualitative judgement on their suitability on expressing the quality of a surface water body is presented. The classification results were compared with those obtained by the WFD-ECOFRAME approach of the EU. Based on the applicability and drawbacks of the examined indices, useful conclusions were derived and discussed. Among others, it is concluded that the NSF-WQI is a more robust index and produces a classification nearer that of the WFD-ECOFRAME approach when compared to the CCME-WQI. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016

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  • Dimitris Alexakis & Vassiliοs Tsihrintzis & George Tsakiris & Georgios Gikas, 2016. "Suitability of Water Quality Indices for Application in Lakes in the Mediterranean," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(5), pages 1621-1633, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:30:y:2016:i:5:p:1621-1633
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-016-1240-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. I. Boskidis & G. Gikas & G. Sylaios & V. Tsihrintzis, 2012. "Hydrologic and Water Quality Modeling of Lower Nestos River Basin," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(10), pages 3023-3051, August.
    2. George Tsakiris & Mike Spiliotis & Harris Vangelis & Panagiotis Tsakiris, 2015. "Εvaluation of Measures for Combating Water Shortage Based on Beneficial and Constraining Criteria," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(2), pages 505-520, January.
    3. Roland Barthel & Stefan Banzhaf, 2016. "Groundwater and Surface Water Interaction at the Regional-scale – A Review with Focus on Regional Integrated Models," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(1), pages 1-32, January.
    4. Roland Barthel & Stefan Banzhaf, 2016. "Groundwater and Surface Water Interaction at the Regional-scale – A Review with Focus on Regional Integrated Models," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(1), pages 1-32, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jingjing Xia & Gaohong Xu & Ping Guo & Hong Peng & Xu Zhang & Yonggui Wang & Wanshun Zhang, 2018. "Tempo-Spatial Analysis of Water Quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, after its 175-m Experimental Impoundment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(9), pages 2937-2954, July.
    2. Nastaran Chitsaz & Ali Azarnivand, 2017. "Water Scarcity Management in Arid Regions Based on an Extended Multiple Criteria Technique," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(1), pages 233-250, January.
    3. J. Yazdi & A . Moridi, 2017. "Interactive Reservoir-Watershed Modeling Framework for Integrated Water Quality Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(7), pages 2105-2125, May.
    4. Margaret W. Gitau & Jingqiu Chen & Zhao Ma, 2016. "Water Quality Indices as Tools for Decision Making and Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(8), pages 2591-2610, June.

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