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Chemical Evaluation of Ma’an Sewage Effluents and its Reuse in Irrigation Purposes

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  • Omar Al-Khashman

Abstract

The present study investigates the chemical composition of Ma’an Wastewater Treatment Plant in south Jordan. Samples of effluent of this plant were collected over 1 year period. All samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, major ions (Cl − , ${\text NO}_{3}^{-}$ , ${\text HCO}_{3}^{-}$ , ${\text SO}_{4}^{2-}$ , ${\text PO}_{4}^{3-}$ , Na + , K + , Ca 2 + and Mg 2 + ) and trace metals B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. The pH value ranges from 6.79 to 8.15 with a median value of 7.39 ± 0.32. The water quality was characterized by its high salinity hazard (C3) and low sodium hazard (S1) which can be considered as marginal for human consumption. Moreover, concentrations of trace metals in treated wastewater were found to be low and within guidelines for irrigation water due to low level of industrialization activities in the study area. Generally, the result of this study suggests that the treated wastewater is suitable for irrigational purposes, while these effluents can be considered as possible additional resources for irrigation in Jordan. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009

Suggested Citation

  • Omar Al-Khashman, 2009. "Chemical Evaluation of Ma’an Sewage Effluents and its Reuse in Irrigation Purposes," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(6), pages 1041-1053, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:23:y:2009:i:6:p:1041-1053
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-008-9313-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Amani Alfarra & Eric Kemp-Benedict & Heinz Hötzl & Nayif Sader & Ben Sonneveld, 2011. "A Framework for Wastewater Reuse in Jordan: Utilizing a Modified Wastewater Reuse Index," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(4), pages 1153-1167, March.
    2. Andreas Tiehm & Natalie Schmidt & Michael Stieber & Frank Sacher & Leif Wolf & Heinz Hoetzl, 2011. "Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Compounds and their Occurrence in the Jordan Valley," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(4), pages 1195-1203, March.
    3. G. Bourazanis & A. Katsileros & C. Kosmas & P. Kerkides, 2016. "The Effect of Treated Municipal Wastewater and Fresh Water on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of a Clay-Loamy Soil," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(8), pages 2867-2880, June.
    4. Sonia Martínez & Jerónimo Pérez-Parra & Ricardo Suay, 2011. "Use of Ozone in Wastewater Treatment to Produce Water Suitable for Irrigation," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(9), pages 2109-2124, July.
    5. Sandouqa, Arwa & Al-Hamamre, Zayed, 2019. "Energy analysis of biodiesel production from jojoba seed oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 831-842.

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