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Longitudinal Associations Between Timing of Physical Activity Accumulation and Health: Application of Functional Data Methods

Author

Listed:
  • Wenyi Lin

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Jingjing Zou

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Chongzhi Di

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

  • Dorothy D. Sears

    (Arizona State University
    University of California, San Diego
    University of California, San Diego)

  • Cheryl L. Rock

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Loki Natarajan

    (University of California, San Diego)

Abstract

Accelerometers are widely used for tracking human movement and provide minute-level (or even 30 Hz level) physical activity (PA) records for detailed analysis. Instead of using day-level summary statistics to assess these densely sampled inputs, we implement functional principal component analysis (FPCA) approaches to study the temporal patterns of PA data from 245 overweight/obese women at three visits over a 1-year period. We apply longitudinal FPCA to decompose PA inputs, incorporating subject-specific variability, and then test the association between these patterns and obesity-related health outcomes by multiple mixed effect regression models. With the proposed methods, the longitudinal patterns in both densely sampled inputs and scalar outcomes are investigated and connected. The results show that the health outcomes are strongly associated with PA variation, in both subject and visit-level. In addition, we reveal that timing of PA during the day can impact changes in outcomes, a finding that would not be possible with day-level PA summaries. Thus, our findings imply that the use of longitudinal FPCA can elucidate temporal patterns of multiple levels of PA inputs. Furthermore, the exploration of the relationship between PA patterns and health outcomes can be useful for establishing weight-loss guidelines.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenyi Lin & Jingjing Zou & Chongzhi Di & Dorothy D. Sears & Cheryl L. Rock & Loki Natarajan, 2023. "Longitudinal Associations Between Timing of Physical Activity Accumulation and Health: Application of Functional Data Methods," Statistics in Biosciences, Springer;International Chinese Statistical Association, vol. 15(2), pages 309-329, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:stabio:v:15:y:2023:i:2:d:10.1007_s12561-022-09359-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s12561-022-09359-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Crainiceanu, Ciprian M. & Staicu, Ana-Maria & Di, Chong-Zhi, 2009. "Generalized Multilevel Functional Regression," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 104(488), pages 1550-1561.
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    3. Dorothea Dumuid & Željko Pedišić & Javier Palarea-Albaladejo & Josep Antoni Martín-Fernández & Karel Hron & Timothy Olds, 2020. "Compositional Data Analysis in Time-Use Epidemiology: What, Why, How," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-17, March.
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    5. Selene Yue Xu & Sandahl Nelson & Jacqueline Kerr & Suneeta Godbole & Eileen Johnson & Ruth E. Patterson & Cheryl L. Rock & Dorothy D. Sears & Ian Abramson & Loki Natarajan, 2019. "Modeling Temporal Variation in Physical Activity Using Functional Principal Components Analysis," Statistics in Biosciences, Springer;International Chinese Statistical Association, vol. 11(2), pages 403-421, July.
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