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A public research institute that created and led a large industrial group in Japan

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  • Masayuki Kondo

    (Yokohama National University)

Abstract

The importance of domestic technology transfer from the public sector (universities and public research institutes) to industry is increasing in the era of science–driven innovation. One of the purposes of a triple helix of evolving university-government–industry relations is how to make use of universities and public research institutes for industrial development. This paper first discusses the means of domestic technology transfer and points out that spinning off companies is one ultimate way to transfer technology, after discussing the relation between a triple helix and technology transfer. Then, this paper presents a unique case of a public research institute before the end of World War II in Japan. This research institute established 63 companies, such as Ricoh and Okamoto. At the same time the institute excelled in science as well. The first two Nobel Prize Laureates of Japan were researchers of this research institute. The paper discusses the management of this institute and its group companies and enabling environment surrounding the institute and its group companies at that time. At the end, the paper draws some lessons for public research institutes and their spin-off companies today.

Suggested Citation

  • Masayuki Kondo, 2012. "A public research institute that created and led a large industrial group in Japan," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 90(1), pages 141-162, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:scient:v:90:y:2012:i:1:d:10.1007_s11192-011-0505-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s11192-011-0505-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Etzkowitz, Henry & Webster, Andrew & Gebhardt, Christiane & Terra, Branca Regina Cantisano, 2000. "The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 313-330, February.
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    3. Bozeman, Barry, 2000. "Technology transfer and public policy: a review of research and theory," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(4-5), pages 627-655, April.
    4. Brian P. Cozzarin, 2006. "Performance measures for the socio-economic impact of government spending on R&D," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 68(1), pages 41-71, July.
    5. Antje Klitkou & Magnus Gulbrandsen, 2010. "The relationship between academic patenting and scientific publishing in Norway," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 82(1), pages 93-108, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen Zhao & Feng Feng, 2023. "Do parent organizations influence R&D decisions of academic spin‐offs?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(1), pages 43-57, January.
    2. Chan-Yuan Wong, 2013. "On a path to creative destruction: science, technology and science-based technological trajectories of Japan and South Korea," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 96(1), pages 323-336, July.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Public research institutes; Technology transfer; Triple helix; Spin-offs; Industry groups; Japan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

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