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Triadic citations, country biases and patent value: the case of pharmaceuticals

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  • George Messinis

    (Victoria University)

Abstract

Triadic patents minimise home bias effects in studies that focus on patent counts as a measure of innovative activity. Yet, biases in qualitative patent indicators have been largely neglected. This article advocates that forward patent citations, and triadic citations in particular, can illuminate further on home bias, self citations, and the speed of knowledge flows for drug patents published by the USPTO for the period 1980–2008. The evidence shows that triadic citations help to minimize the home bias in citations as well as to make patent quality more transparent. Also, it indicates that self citations and the age distribution of citations are important factors to consider when explaining cross-country differences in pharmaceutical citations.

Suggested Citation

  • George Messinis, 2011. "Triadic citations, country biases and patent value: the case of pharmaceuticals," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 89(3), pages 813-833, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:scient:v:89:y:2011:i:3:d:10.1007_s11192-011-0473-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11192-011-0473-z
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    3. Yuandi Wang & Jason Li-Ying, 2014. "How do the BRIC countries play their roles in the global innovation arena? A study based on USPTO patents during 1990–2009," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 98(2), pages 1065-1083, February.
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    7. Junhee Bae & Yanghon Chung & Hyesoo Ko, 2021. "Analysis of efficiency in public research activities in terms of knowledge spillover: focusing on earthquake R&D accomplishments," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 108(2), pages 2249-2264, September.
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