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Sources of Google Scholar citations outside the Science Citation Index: A comparison between four science disciplines

Author

Listed:
  • Kayvan Kousha

    (University of Wolverhampton
    University of Tehran)

  • Mike Thelwall

    (University of Wolverhampton)

Abstract

For practical reasons, bibliographic databases can only contain a subset of the scientific literature. The ISI citation databases are designed to cover the highest impact scientific research journals as well as a few other sources chosen by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Google Scholar also contains citation information, but includes a less quality controlled collection of publications from different types of web documents. We define Google Scholar unique citations as those retrieved by Google Scholar which are not in the ISI database. We took a sample of 882 articles from 39 open access ISI-indexed journals in 2001 from biology, chemistry, physics and computing and classified the type, language, publication year and accessibility of the Google Scholar unique citing sources. The majority of Google Scholar unique citations (70%) were from full-text sources and there were large disciplinary differences between types of citing documents, suggesting that a wide range of non-ISI citing sources, especially from non-journal documents, are accessible by Google Scholar. This might be considered to be an advantage of Google Scholar, since it could be useful for citation tracking in a wider range of open access scholarly documents and to give a broader type of citation impact. An important corollary from our study is that Google Scholar’s wider coverage of Open Access (OA) web documents is likely to give a boost to the impact of OA research and the OA movement.

Suggested Citation

  • Kayvan Kousha & Mike Thelwall, 2008. "Sources of Google Scholar citations outside the Science Citation Index: A comparison between four science disciplines," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 74(2), pages 273-294, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:scient:v:74:y:2008:i:2:d:10.1007_s11192-008-0217-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-0217-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kayvan Kousha & Mike Thelwall, 2006. "Motivations for URL citations to open access library and information science articles," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 68(3), pages 501-517, September.
    2. Liwen Vaughan & Debora Shaw, 2005. "Web citation data for impact assessment: A comparison of four science disciplines," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 56(10), pages 1075-1087, August.
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    9. Mike Thelwall, 2006. "Interpreting social science link analysis research: A theoretical framework," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 57(1), pages 60-68, January.
    10. Dangzhi Zhao & Elisabeth Logan, 2002. "Citation analysis using scientific publications on the Web as data source: A case study in the XML research area," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 54(3), pages 449-472, July.
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