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The case of significant variations in gold–green and black open access: evidence from Indian research output

Author

Listed:
  • Vivek Kumar Singh

    (Banaras Hindu University)

  • Rajesh Piryani

    (South Asian University)

  • Satya Swarup Srichandan

    (Banaras Hindu University)

Abstract

Open Access has emerged as an important movement worldwide during the last decade. There are several initiatives now that persuade researchers to publish in open access journals and to archive their pre- or post-print versions of papers in repositories. Institutions and funding agencies are also promoting ways to make research outputs available as open access. This paper looks at open access levels and patterns in research output from India by computationally analyzing research publication data obtained from Web of Science for India for the last 5 years (2014–2018). The corresponding data from other connected platforms—Unpaywall and Sci-Hub—are also obtained and analyzed. The results obtained show that about 24% of research output from India, during last 5 years, is available in legal forms of open access as compared to world average of about 30%. More articles are available in gold open access as compared to green and bronze. On the contrary, more than 90% of the research output from India is available for free download in Sci-Hub. We also found disciplinary differentiation in open access, but surprisingly these patterns are different for gold–green and black open access forms. Sci-Hub appears to be complementing the legal gold–green open access for less covered disciplines in them. The central institutional repositories in India are found to have low volume of research papers deposited.

Suggested Citation

  • Vivek Kumar Singh & Rajesh Piryani & Satya Swarup Srichandan, 2020. "The case of significant variations in gold–green and black open access: evidence from Indian research output," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 124(1), pages 515-531, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:scient:v:124:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s11192-020-03472-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11192-020-03472-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bo-Christer Björk & Mikael Laakso & Patrik Welling & Patrik Paetau, 2014. "Anatomy of green open access," Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 65(2), pages 237-250, February.
    2. Martín-Martín, Alberto & Costas, Rodrigo & van Leeuwen, Thed & Delgado López-Cózar, Emilio, 2018. "Evidence of open access of scientific publications in Google Scholar: A large-scale analysis," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 819-841.
    3. Christian R Mejia & Mario J Valladares-Garrido & Armando Miñan-Tapia & Felipe T Serrano & Liz E Tobler-Gómez & William Pereda-Castro & Cynthia R Mendoza-Flores & Maria Y Mundaca-Manay & Danai Valladar, 2017. "Use, knowledge, and perception of the scientific contribution of Sci-Hub in medical students: Study in six countries in Latin America," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(10), pages 1-9, October.
    4. Bo-Christer Björk & Patrik Welling & Mikael Laakso & Peter Majlender & Turid Hedlund & Guðni Guðnason, 2010. "Open Access to the Scientific Journal Literature: Situation 2009," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(6), pages 1-9, June.
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